Marriage may be absolutely dissolved by means of a bill of divorcement given by the man to the woman, with the mutual agreement of both parties. This cannot take effect at once, but there must be three attempts at reconciliation, either by the rabbi or by the court, or by both. The Austrian law also permits a divorce among Jews for the proven adultery of the wife, in which case he can give her a bill of divorcement without her consent. A Jewish woman cannot obtain a divorce because of the adultery of her husband. JUDICIAL SEPARATION.--A judicial separation may be granted for the following causes: 1. By mutual consent. 2. Conviction of either spouse for adultery or a crime. 3. Malicious abandonment. 4. Conduct endangering the life or health of spouse seeking relief. 5. Incurable disease united with danger of contagion. 6. Cruel and abusive treatment. CHAPTER XI. HUNGARIAN MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE LAWS. In Hungary proper and Transylvania, together with Fiume and certain parts of the Military Boundary, the marriage law of 1894, supplemented by the Civil Registration Act of the same year, is in operation for all citizens, without regard to religious sect. In Croatia and Slavonia, which, although legally parts of the Kingdom of Hungary, are autonomous in domestic affairs; three separate systems of marriage regulation are in force governing, respectively, the Catholics, the Oriental Greeks, and the Protestants and Jews. HUNGARY PROPER AND TRANSYLVANIA.--Civil marriage is the only form recognized by law. MARRIAGE QUALIFICATIONS.--A man cannot marry before the conclusion of his eighteenth year; a woman, before the conclusion of her sixteenth year. A minor cannot conclude a marriage without the consent of his or her legal representative. IMPEDIMENTS.--1. Marriage is forbidden between ascendants and descendants. 2. Between brother and sister. 3. Between brother or sister and offspring of brother or sister. 4. Marriage between a person who has been previously married and a blood relative in direct line of that person's former consort is forbidden. 5. First cousins may not conclude marriage, except on dispensation from the Minister of Justice. 6. No person may conclude a marriage with any one who has been legally sentenced for a murder or a murderous assault committed on the former's consort, even if the sentence has not yet entered into effect. 7. No one may conclude a marriage without the consent of his ecclesiastical superiors if he has taken ecclesiastical orders or vows which, according to the law of the church to which he belongs, prevent his marrying. 8. So long as the guardianship continues, marriage is prohibited between a guardian or his offspring and the ward.