Farms in Kansas and Dakota, 363. _Fastigium Aryn_, 269; origin of longitudes, 23, 74. Fauna, 361; of northern Arizona, 18; linked with flora, 349, 350, 358. Flagstaff, Arizona, 16. Flammarion, 21, 23, 202. Flora, 361; linked with fauna, 349, 350, 358; fixtures, 360. Focal length, of objective in photographing canals, 275. Franz Joseph Land, 45. Frosts, first arctic, 299, 300, 345; suggestive of, 87. Galileo, 20, 39. _Ganges_, 270; peculiar development of, 226-228; widest double, 228, 229. Gemination, 214-221; seasonal phenomenon, 212, 213; conditioned by convenience, 218-221. Geology, shows the growing of the land, 131-138. _Gigas_, embracing the Ascraeus Lucus, 257. _Gihon_, embouchure of, 232. Gravitation, law of, 160. Gravity, effect on atmosphere, 62; force of, on Mars, 63. Green, 21, 23, 24. Habitability, 159. Haeckel, 352, 353, 357. Haze, at melting of caps, 56, 64-66, 90, 93, 165; recurrent, 94. Heat, 46, 47, 50, 146, 155. _Hellas_, 81, 90, 91; in winter, 58, 59; ruddy color of, 148. Herschel, Sir W., 34, 37. Hibernation of canals, 313-324, 379. _Hiddekel_, embouchure of, 232; connection with Luci Ismenii, 260-262. _Hippalus_, identical with rift, 326, 327. Hoarfrost, 78, 79, 81; at equator, 79; in southern hemisphere, 80, 92. Huyghens, 23, 26, 108. Ice sheet, effect of, 52. Illumination, oblique, 97; for measuring elevations, 98. Illusion theories of canals, disproved, 293. Image of sun, not reflected from dark areas, 112. Insolation, 47, 79, 91. Intelligence on other worlds, method of making itself known, 364. Islands south, 91, 244; effect of, on isothermal lines, 92. _Jamuna_, original line of, 216, 217. _Jaxartes_, polar canal, 328. Jupiter, 33, 372. Jurassic era of the earth, 136, 143, 144. _Juturna Fons_, a square oasis, 263. Kaiser, 21, 23, 249. Kinetic theory of gases, 83, 146, 147, 164. _Kison_, convergent double, 240. _Lacus Hyperboreus_, 246. Lampland, 197, 225, 275. Lick Observatory, 100. Life, necessity of air and water to, 17, 166, 167, 341; thin cold air no bar to, 18; maximum temperature determinative of, 19, 378, 380. Life on Earth, 349-353; dependent on conditions, 349-355, 357, 379, 380. Life on Mars, 169, 376; vegetal, 348, 359; probably of high order, 348, 359, 377, 378, 381, 382; evidence of, 360-365. Limb-light, evidence of atmosphere, 84, 162, 167. Longitudes, origin of, 23, 74. Lowell Observatory, Annals, 31, 81; Bulletin, 201. _Lucus Ismenius_, 19, 258; only double oasis, 259; association with canals, 260, 261. _Lucus Lunae_, 330. _Lucus Moeris_, 208. Maedler, 21, 23, 26, 109. Mammal, 349. Maps, of Mars, 20-24, 26-29. _Mare Acidalium_, 115, 242, 246-252; white in, 80; darker than the Mare Erythraeum, 127.