_Mare Cimmerium_, 267. _Mare Erythraeum_, 113; irregular lines in, 30; in 1903, 122-124; in 1905, 124-126. _Mare Icarium_, 207. _Mare Sirenum_, 92, 110, 114, 267. Maria, on the moon, 109, 111; not seas, 112, 113; on Mars, 110; not seas, 117; southern hemisphere, 31. Matter, distribution of, 355. Mercator’s projection, 22, 344. Merriam, 18, 19, 379. Mesozoic times of the earth, 135, 142, 144, 151. Meteorology of Mars, 63, 93. Moisture, 86, 154. Monera, 349, 357; suggestive of crystals, 356. Months, Martian, different from our own, 36. Mountains, not visible on Mars, 100; measurement of, 97-100; limit of height visible, 100; on Moon, 98, 99. _Naarmalcha_, association with Luci Ismenii, 260, 261. Nägeli, 356. Nansen, 54. Naval Observatory at Washington, 16. _Nectar_, shows white, 59. Neopaleozoic times of the Earth, 140. Neptune, 33. Nicks in the coastline (see Carets). _Nilokeras_, double, 209; photographed, 225. _Nilosyrtis_, unlike other canals, 262. Nitro-bacteria, 350, 353. Nitrogen, 83, 164, 166, 341. _Nix Olympica_, 74, 78. North America, geologic history of, 133-137. Oases, detected later than canals, 30, 249; three stages in appearance of, 250-252; number of, 252; kinds of, 252-254, 263; shape of, 253, 371; position of, 254-257, 263; connected with canals, 256, 257, 262, 371; disprove diplopic theory, 258; objectivity of, 263; in dark regions, 163, 244, 263, 264; kinematic character of, 330-333; latitudinal progress of change in oases, 331; evolution of, 331, 332; intrinsic change in, 337, 338; at junction of canals only, 255, 371. Observations, mutual corroboration of, 165, 166; among mountains, 7. Organic Evolution, origin of, 356. Orology, of Mars, 62. Ovid, 25. Oxygen, 83, 164, 166, 167, 341. Paleozoic times on the Earth, 135. Permian period, 142. Personal equation, eliminated, 287. Phenological quickening, on Earth, 342; on Mars, 343. _Phison_, 221, 231, 249, 258, 266, 267, 316; continuously double, 213; connection with Euphrates and Portus Sigaeus, 218, 219. _Phœnix Lake_, 330. Photographs of the canals, 225, 275-277. Photography, celestial, 271-277. Physiographic conditions, on Mars, 68, 128. Pickering, W. H., 330. _Pierius_, 71. Polar caps, phenomena of, 37, 41, 61; key to comprehension of planet, 37; compared with those of earth, 41, 46; composition of, 39, 161, 168, 339; making of new, 94; position of, 68; aspect of, 56, 57; maxima and minima of, 38, 41-44, 47-53, 55-57, 66-68, 162; fission of, 61. Polar seas (see Blue band); fresh water, 162. Poles, Martian, determination of, 36. _Pons Hectoris_, 78. _Portus Sigaeus_, nicks in the coastline, 207, 266, 267; embouchure to Phison and Euphrates, 218.