After the _Phytozoa_ come the _Protozoa_, or first forms in which
animality is distinctly recognised. Under this term are assembled
creatures of very various organization, from the extreme simplicity of
the _Proteus_ or _Amoeba_, a little lump of jelly, that moves by
thrusting out portions of its body, so as to make a sort of extempore
legs, and in which no organs can be discerned,[2] up to others that are
highly developed, like our _Vorticellæ_. This group is evidently
provisional, and jumbles together objects that may be widely separated
when their true structure and real affinities are discerned.
[2] In some kinds and in some stages of growth this is not strictly
true.
Following the _Protozoa_, come the _Rotifera_, or Wheel-bearers, of
which we have obtained an example from our pond, and whose
characteristics we shall endeavour to delineate when our specimen is
under view; and last in the list we have the _Tardigrada_,
"Slow-steppers," or Water Bears, queer little creatures, something like
new-born puppies, with a double allowance of imperfect feet. These,
though somewhat connected with the rotifers, are considered to belong to
a low division of the arachnida (spiders, &c.).
[Illustration: --_a_, motile; and _b_, resting condition of Euglenæ.]
Feeling that we must be merciful with the long-tailed words and
explanations of classification, we reserve further matter of this kind
for the opportunities that must arise, and direct our attention to
living forms by watching the _Euglenæ_ which our water-drop contains. We
have before us a number of elegant spindle-shaped bodies, somewhat
thicker in front than behind, and in what may be called the head there
glitters a brilliant red speck, commonly called an _eye-spot_, although,
like the eyes of potatoes, it cannot see. Round this eye-spot the
tissues are clear, like glass; but the body of the creature is of a rich
vegetable green, which shines and glistens as it catches the light. Some
swim rapidly with a rollicking motion, while others twist themselves
into all manner of shapes. Now the once delicate spindle is oddly
contorted, now it swells out in the middle, like a top, and now it rolls
itself into a ball. The drawings will afford some idea of these protean
changes, but they must be seen before their harlequin character can be
thoroughly appreciated. Some of the specimens exhibit delicate lines
running lengthwise, and taking a spiral twist as the creature moves
about; but in none can any mouth be discerned, and their antics,
although energetic and comical, afford no certain indications of either
purpose or will. What are they? animals or vegetables? or something
betwixt and between?
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