Marxism and Darwinism BY ANTON PANNEKOEK _Translated by Nathan Weiser._ CHICAGO CHARLES H. KERR & COMPANY CO-OPERATIVE Copyright, 1912 By Charles H. Kerr & Company [Illustration: 606] “SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST.” In northern climes, the polar bear Protects himself with fat and hair, Where snow is deep and ice is stark, And half the year is cold and dark, He still survives a clime like that By growing fur, by growing fat. These traits, O bear, which thou transmittest Prove the Survival of the Fittest. To polar regions waste and wan, Comes the encroaching race of man, A puny, feeble, little bubber, He has no fur, he has no blubber. The scornful bear sat down at ease To see the stranger starve and freeze―― But, lo! the stranger slew the bear, And ate his fat and wore his hair; These deeds, O Man, which thou committest Prove the Survival of the Fittest. In modern times the Millionaire Protects himself as did the bear: Where Poverty and Hunger are He counts his bullion by the car: Where thousands perish still he thrives―― The wealth, O Croesus, thou transmittest Proves the Survival of the Fittest. But, lo, some people odd and funny, Some men without a cent of money―― The simple common human race Chose to improve their dwelling place: They had no use for millionaires, They calmly said the world was theirs, They were so wise, so strong, so many, The Millionaires?――there wasn’t any. These deeds, O Man, which thou committest Prove the Survival of the Fittest. ――Mrs. Charlotte Stetson. CONTENTS. PAGE. I. Darwinism 7 II. Marxism 16 III. Marxism and the Class Struggle 19 IV. Darwinism and the Class Struggle 22 V. Darwinism Versus Socialism 27 VI. Natural Law and Social Theory 33 VII. The Sociability of Man 36 VIII. Tools, Thought and Language 42 IX. Animal Organs and Human Tools 50 X. Capitalism and Socialism 54 MARXISM _and_ DARWINISM I. DARWINISM.