Herein lies the main reason why the endeavor of the bourgeois Darwinists
to defend the foundering capitalist system is bound to fail. Arguments
based on natural science, when applied to social questions, must almost
always lead to reverse conclusions. This happens because, while nature
is very slow in its development and changes within the ken of human
history are imperceptible, so that it may almost be regarded as stable,
human society nevertheless undergoes quick and continuous changes.
In order to understand the moving force and the cause of social
development, we must study society as such. It is only here that we can
find the reason of social development. Marxism and Darwinism should
remain in their own domains; they are independent of each other and
there is no direct connection between them.
Here arises a very important question. Can we stop at the conclusion
that Marxism applies only to society and that Darwinism applies only to
the organic world, and that neither of these theories is applicable
in the other domain? In practice it is very convenient to have one
principle for the human world and another one for the animal world. In
having this, however, we forget that man is also an animal. Man has
developed from an animal, and the laws that apply to the animal world
cannot suddenly lose their applicability to man. It is true that man is
a very peculiar animal, but if that is the case it is necessary to find
from these very peculiarities why those principles applicable to all
animals do not apply to men, and why they assume a different form.
Here we come to another grave problem. The bourgeois Darwinists do
not encounter such a problem; they simply declare that man is an
animal, and without further ado they set about to apply the Darwinian
principles to men. We have seen to what erroneous conclusions they
come. To us this question is not so simple; we must first be clear
about the differences between men and animals, and then we can see why,
in the human world, the Darwinian principles change into different
ones, namely, into Marxism.
VII. THE SOCIABILITY OF MAN.
The first peculiarity that we observe in man is that he is a social
being. In this he does not differ from all animals, for even among the
latter there are many species that live socially among themselves. But
man differs from all those that we have observed until now in dealing
with the Darwinian theory; he differs from those animals that do not
live socially, but that struggle with each other for subsistence. It is
not with the rapacious animals which live separately that man must be
compared, but with those that live socially. The sociability of animals
is a power that we have not yet spoken of; a power that calls forth new
qualities among animals.
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