Mazes and Labyrinths: A General Account of Their History and DevelopmentMatthews, W. H.
History
Mazes and Labyrinths: A General Account of Their History and Development
Matthews, W. H.
Labyrinths; Maze gardens
This view seems to rest chiefly on a statement by J. B. F. Géruzez in
his "Description of the City of Rheims" (1817), to the effect that
the labyrinth which formerly lay in the cathedral was in origin an
object of devotion, being the emblem of the interior of the Temple of
Jerusalem, but Géruzez quotes no authority for his assertion. Another
explanation, based upon the occurrence of the figures of the architects
or founders in certain of the designs, is that the labyrinth was a sort
of masonic seal, signifying that the pious aim of the builder had been
to raise to the glory of God a structure to vie with the splendours
of the traditional Labyrinth. It is also said that in some cases the
"Chemins" were used for processional purposes.
Some writers have held that the labyrinth was inserted in the church as
typifying the Christian's life or the devious course of those who yield
to temptation. Some have thought that it represented the path from the
house of Pilate to Calvary, pointing out that Chateaubriand, in his
"Itinéraire de Paris à Jérusalem," mentioned two hours as the period
which he took to repeat Christ's journey, and that the same time would
be taken in traversing the average pavement labyrinth on the knees.
The use of the labyrinth as a simile for the Christian's life is shown
in a stone inscription in the Museum at Lyons:
HOC SPECVLO · SPECVLARE LEGENS · QVOD SIS MORITVRVS:
QVOD CINIS IMMOLVTVM QVOD VERMIBVS ESCA FVTVRVS:
SED TAMEN VT SEMPER VIVAS · MALE VIVERE VITA:
XPM QVESO ROGA · SIT VT IN XPO MEA VITA:
ME CAPVT APRIL' · EX HOC RAPVIT LABERINTO:
PREBITVM · DOCEO VERSV MÃ FVNERA QÑTO:
STEPHANVS · FECIT OC.
Whether this inscription was ever attached to a labyrinthine design is
not known.
It is strange if, amongst all the great mass of mediaeval
ecclesiastical literature, there is actually no indication of the use
or significance of these monuments in the service of the Church; but
no light appears to be forthcoming from this source, and certainly the
writings of the chief authorities of these times give no support to any
of the theories mentioned above.
[Illustration: FIG. 58.--Labyrinth in Church at Bourn, Cambs. (W. H.
M.)]
It is noteworthy that in none of the known examples do any
distinctively Christian emblems occur, and that, amongst all the myriad
inscriptions, paintings, and carvings of the early Christians, in the
catacombs of Rome and elsewhere, the labyrinth never once figures.
So far as these islands are concerned the practice of placing
labyrinths in churches does not seem to have become common.
In the "Architectural Dictionary" (1867) mention is made of one
formerly existing in Canterbury Cathedral, but no particulars are given.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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