Means and Ends of EducationSpalding, John Lancaster
Philosophy
Means and Ends of Education
Spalding, John Lancaster
Culture; Education
Gladly I turn from them to you, young gentlemen, who have persevered in
the pursuit of knowledge and virtue, and to-day are declared worthy to
receive the highest honor Notre Dame can confer. The deepest and the
best thing in us is faith in reason; for when we look closely, we
perceive that faith in God, in the soul, in good, in freedom, in truth,
is faith in reason. Individuals, nations, the whole race, wander in a
maze of errors. The world of the senses is apparent and illusive, that
of pure thought vague and shadowy. Science touches but the form and
surface; speculation is swallowed in abysses and disperses itself;
ignorance darkens, passion blinds the mind; the truth of one age
becomes the error of a succeeding; opinions change from continent to
continent and from century to century. The more we learn, the less we
know; and what we most of all desire to know eludes our grasp. But,
nevertheless, our faith in reason is unshaken; and holding to this
faith, we hold to God, to good, to freedom, and to truth.
Goodness is the radical principle; the good, the primal aim and final
end of life; for the good is whatever is helpful to life. Hence what
is true is good, what is useful is good, what is fair is good, what is
right is good; and the true, the useful, the fair, and the right are
intertwined and circle about man like a noble sisterhood, to waken him
to life, and to urge him toward God, the supreme good, whose being is
power, wisdom, love without limit. The degree of goodness in all
things is measured by their approach to this absolute Being. Hence the
greater our strength, wisdom, and love, the greater our good, the
richer and more perfect our life. There is no soul which does not bow
with delight and reverence before Beauty and Power; and when we come to
true insight, we perceive that holiness is Beauty and goodness Power.
Genuine spiritual power is from God, and compels the whole mechanic
world to acknowledge its absoluteness. The truths of religion and
morality are of the essence of our life; they cannot be learned from
another, but must be wrought into self-consciousness by our own
thinking and doing,--by habitual meditation, and constant obedience to
conscience. Virtue, knowledge, goodness, and greatness are their own
reward: they are primarily and essentially ends, and only incidentally
means. Hence those who strive for perfection with the view thereby to
gain recognition, money, or place, do not really strive for perfection
at all. They are also unwise; for virtue, knowledge, goodness, and
greatness are not the surest means to such ends, and they can be
acquired only with infinite pains. The highest human qualities cease
to be the highest when they are made subordinate to the externalities
of office and wealth. The one aim of a mind smitten with the love of
excellence is to live consciously and lovingly with whatever is true or
good or fair. And such a one cannot be disturbed whether by the
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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