Sir J. Stephen, _Liberty, Equality, Fraternity_ (2nd ed., 1874). J. M. Robertson, _A Short History of Free Thought, Ancient and Modern_ (1906). _The Catholic Encyclopædia_ (1907-14), articles on Heresy and Inquisition. J. B. Bury, _A History of Freedom of Thought_ (Home University Library). FOOTNOTES: [1] See O. Gierke, _Political Theories of the Middle Ages_ (trans., with introd. by. F. W. Maitland, 1900), p. 10. [2] F. W. Bourdillon’s translation. [3] See _Compendium of Ecclesiastical History_, by G. C. E. Gieseler (English ed., Edinburgh, 1853), vol. iii, p. 388. [4] See H. C. Lea, _History of Auricular Confession_ (1896), vol. i, pp. 380 _et seq._; _History of Sacerdotal Celibacy_ (3rd ed., 1907), vol. ii, chapter on ‘Solicitation,’ pp. 251-96. [5] On the subject-matter of this chapter see H. O. Taylor, _The Mediæval Mind_ (2 vols., 1911), especially on the influence of the Latin Fathers and the transmission into the Middle Ages of patristic thought, vol. i, pp. 61-109; on the effects of Christianity on the character of mediæval emotion, pp. 330-52; and on the scholastic philosophy, vol. ii, pp. 283 _et seq._ [6] For Tanchelm see the following: P Frédéricq, _Corpus documentorum Inquisitionis haereticae pravitatis Neerlandicae_ (Ghent, 1889-96), vol. i, pp. 22-9, nos. 14-29; J. J. Döllinger, _Beiträge zur Sektensgeschichte_ (Munich, 1890), vol. i, pp. 105-9; H. C. Lea, _A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages_ (New York, 1887), vol. i, pp. 64-5. [7] For Eon de l’Etoile see Döllinger, _op. cit._, vol. i, pp. 98-103; C. Schmidt, _Histoire et Doctrine de la secte des Cathares ou Albigeois_ (Paris, 1848), vol. i, pp. 48-9. [8] See T. de Cauzons, _Histoire de l’Inquisition en France_ (Paris, 1909, 1913), vol. i, p. 259. ‘On voit donc la lutte fortement engagée entre l’Église et l’esprit révolutionnaire.’ [9] See Gieseler, vol. iii, pp. 390-1, n.; Döllinger, vol. ii, p. 29. ‘Quod Deus passus est ibi mortem et nunquam dedecus, et ponebant exemplum, si aliquis homo suspendebatur in aliquo arbore, semper illa arbor amicis suspensi et parentibus esset odiosa et eam vituperarent, et nunquam illam arborem videre vellent, a simili locum in quo Deus, quem diligere debemus, suspensus fuit, odio habere debeamus et nunquam deberemus ejus presenciam affectare.’ [10] See Lea, vol. i, p. 72. [11] Pius Melia, _The Origin, Persecutions and Doctrines of the Waldenses, from Documents_ (London, 1870), p. 1. Other origins of the term Waldenses have been suggested: (1) Vaux or valleys of Piedmont, where the sect came to flourish most, (2) Peter of Vaux, a predecessor of Waldo. [12] Melia, quoting _Venerabilis Patris Monetae Cremonensis Ordinis Praedicatorum adversus Catharos et Waldenses, Libri quinque_ (1244), p. 6. [13] See Döllinger, vol. ii, pp. 306-11, for list of eighty-nine errors alleged against the Waldenses.