[14] Bernard Gui, _Practica Inquisitionis haereticae pravitatis_ (ed. C. Douais, Paris, 1886), p. 134. ‘Item, circa sacramentum vere penitentie et clavis ecclesie perniciosius aberrantes, tenent et docent se habere potestatem a Deo, sicut sancti apostoli habuerunt, audiendi confessiones peccatorum sibi volentium confiteri, et absolvendi, et penitentias injungendi; confessiones talium audiant et injungant sibi confitentibus penitentias pro peccatis, quamvis non sunt clerici, nec sacerdotales per aliquem episcopum Romane ecclesie ordinati, nec sunt layci simpliciter; talemque potestatem nec confitentur se habere a Romana ecclesia, sed pocius diffitentur, et revera nec a Deo nec ab ejus ecclesia ipsam habent, cum sint extra ecclesiam et ab ipsa ecclesia jam precisi, extra quam non est vera penitentia neque salus.’ Cf. _ibid._, pp. 244 _et seq._ [15] Quoted in Lea, vol. i, p. 85. [16] Peter de Pilichdorff, quoted in Melia, p. 25. [17] Quoted in Lea, vol. i, p. 85. [18] See Schmidt, vol. i, pp. 7-24. [19] The Paulicians had originally, in the seventh century, in Armenia, been anti-Manichæan. They became definitely Manichæan in the ninth. The French _bougre_-heretic means Bulgar. For Catharan doctrines and manners of life generally, see Bernard Gui, _Practica_, pp. 235 _et seq._; for its theology see Döllinger, vol. i, pp. 34-50; vol. ii (_Documents_), pp. 282-96. The errors of the Cathari are summarised in Nicolas Eymeric, _Directorium Inquisitorum_ (Rome, 1585), part ii, question xiii, pp. 290-2. [20] See Schmidt, vol. ii, pp. 9, 11, 16. [21] _Ibid._, pp. 21-2; also C. Douais, _Documents pour servir à l’histoire de l’Inquisition dans le Languedoc_ (Paris, 1900), vol. ii, pp. 95-6. Examination of a Catharan, Pierre Garcia. Garcia said, ‘quod erat unus Deus benignus qui creavit incorruptibilia et permansura, et alius Deus erat malignus qui creavit corruptibilia et transitoria.’ [22] _Ibid._, p. 91. ‘Lex Moysi non erat nisi umbra et vanitas.’ _Cf._ Döllinger, vol. i, p. 40. [23] Schmidt, vol. ii, pp. 37-68. [24] _Ibid._, p. 73. [25] _Ibid._, p. 36. [26] Schmidt, vol. ii, pp. 38-9. [27] _Ibid._, p. 40, and Douais, _Documents_, vol. ii, p. 40; Döllinger, vol. ii, p. 155. [28] Schmidt, vol. ii, pp. 39-40; Döllinger, vol. ii, p. 34. [29] Schmidt, _ibid._, pp. 44-8. [30] S. Matt., x. 37. [31] See Schmidt, vol. ii, p. 82. [32] Döllinger, vol. ii, pp. 3, 83-4. [33] _Ibid._, p. 4; Schmidt, vol. ii, p. 84. [34] Schmidt, _ibid._ [35] Döllinger, vol. ii, pp. 30-4, 56. This was a survival of the Marcionite heresy. The continuity of the same fundamental types of heresy which had vexed the early Church into the Middle Ages is remarkable. [36] Döllinger, vol. ii, pp. 30 _et seq._, 56; mainly from _Acta inquisitionis Carcassonensis contra Albigenses_, 1308-9. [37] _Ibid._, vol. ii, p. 33. See also E. Vacandard, _The Inquisition, a Critical and Historical Study of the Coercive Powers of the Church_ (trans. by B. L. Conway, 1908), pp. 90-4.