[125] Goldast, _op. cit._, vol. ii, _Opera Omnia de Potestate Ecclesiastica & Politica, G. Ockham_, esp. _Dialogus_, pp. 822-30. The chief conclusions of Ockham are summarized on pp. 396-7; also in S. Riezler, _Die literarischen Widersacher der Päpste zur Zeit Ludwig des Baiers_ (1874), pp. 258-71. But see generally pp. 241-77. [126] See Poole, _op. cit._, p. 277, note. [127] _Defensor Pacis_, Lib. I, cap. xviii; in Goldast, _op. cit._, vol. ii, pp. 86-9. [128] _Ibid._, Lib. II, cap. viii, p. 212. [129] _Defensor Pacis_, Lib. II, cap. ix, p. 213. [130] _Ibid._, cap. x, pp. 216-19, esp. p. 217. ‘Nemo quantumcunque peccans contra disciplinas speculativas aut operativas quascunque punitur vel arcetur in hoc seculo praecise inquantum-hujusmodi, sed inquantum peccat contra praeceptum humanae legis.’ [131] _Ibid._, Lib. I, cap. xii, pp. 169-71. [132] Workman, _op. cit._, vol. i. ‘Wyclif has been called the Morning Star of the Reformation, but the author of the _Defensor Pacis_ might more justly claim the title.’ _Cf._, on modernity of Marsiglio’s thought, B. Labanca, _Marsilio da Padova_ (Padua, 1882), pp. 219 _et seq._ [133] Fitzralph’s treatise, _De Pauperie Salvatoris_, is printed as an appendix to Wycliffe’s _De Dominio Divino_ (Wyclif Society, 1890), pp. 259-476. [134] For this whole subject, see Lea, vol. iii, pp. 590-4. [135] _Ibid._, pp. 596-9. [136] See _supra_, pp. 68, 75. [137] _De Dominio Divino_ (Wyclif Society, 1890), p. 33. ‘Ideo Deus non mediate per regimen vasallorum subserviencium, ut reges ceteri, dominatur, cum immediate et per se facit, sustentat, et gubernat omne quod possidet, juvatque ad perficiendum opera secundum usus alios quos requirit.’ [138] See Poole, _op. cit._, p. 293. [139] See Workman, _op. cit._, vol. i, pp. 173-8. [140] See _Fasciculi Zizaniorum Magistri Johannis Wyclif_ (Rolls series, ed. W. W. Shirley, 1858), pp. 280-1. [141] Wycliffe’s _De Potestate Pape_ (Wyclif Society, ed. J. Loserth, 1907), p. 84. [142] _De Civili Dominio_ (Wyclif Society, ed. R. L. Poole, 1885), vol. i, pp. 335-42; also pp. 265-74, ch. xxxvii. See also _Select English Works_ (ed. T. Arnold, 1869-71), vol. iii, pp. 216-17. [143] See _De Potestate Pape_, pp. 84, 238 _et seq._, 378-9. [144] _Ibid._, pp. 145-6, 154-5. This idea is either explicitly or implicitly in all Wycliffe’s later teachings. [145] _Ibid._, pp. 120 _et seq._, 148, 212, 266 _et seq._ The whole book is indeed on this theme. Wycliffe does not scruple to call a bad pope ‘_horribilius monstrum_.’ Cf. _Fasciculi Zizaniorum_, p. 278. [146] _De Potestate Pape_, p. 272. [147] _Fasciculi Zizaniorum_, p. 278. [148] _Ibid._, p. 279; D. Wilkins, _Concilia M. Britanniae et Hiberniae_ (1737). vol. iii, p. 157. [149] _Works of Thomas Cranmer_ (ed. J. E. Cox, Parker Society), vol. ii, _Misc. Writings_, p. 119. [150] See Wilkins, vol. iii, p. 350; _Chronicon H. Knighton_ (Rolls series, ed. J. R. Lumby, 1889-95), vol. ii, p. 152. [151] _Ibid._