[200] _Cf._ Lea, vol. iii, p. 486: ‘The morning saw the extraordinary spectacle of the clergy, followed by the whole population of Nantes, who had been clamouring for his death, marching through the streets and singing and praying for his salvation.’ [201] Lecky, _Rationalism in Europe_, vol. i, pp. 47-53. [202] See _Bart. Spin. in Ponzinibium de lamiis Apologia prima_ in _Malleorum quorundam Maleficarum tam veterum quam recentiorum authorum tomi duo_ (Frankfort, 1582), vol. ii, pp. 623 _et seq._ [203] _Ibid._, vol. i, pp. 1-8 in Sprenger’s _Malleus Maleficarum_. [204] For a critique of Sprenger’s work, see J. Michelet, _La Sorcière_ in _Œuvres Complètes_ (Paris, 1893-9), pp. 481-96. [205] Sprenger, vol. i, p. 94; also Michelet, _op. cit._, p. 321. [206] Albertini, _op. cit._, in Zilettus, vol. xi, pt. ii, p. 85; also Sprenger, etc., vol. ii, pp. 262-4, and, generally, pp. 250 _et seq._, _De modo quo localiter transferuntur de loco ad locum_. [207] Frédéricq, _Documents_, vol. i, p. 371. ‘Et illecq leur remontra comment ils avoient esté en ladite vaulderie, et fait tout ce que dessus ai dit, et mesme que aulcunes d’icelles, qui estoient la presentes, avoient esté cognues carnellement du diable d’enfer, l’une en forme de lièvre, l’autre en forme de renard, l’autre en forme de thor, l’aultre en forme d’homme et autant en forme de quelques bestes’—from _Mémoires de Jacques du Clercq_. [208] Sprenger, pp. 40 _et seq._, p. 773. See also in vol. ii. of _Malleorum ... tomi duo, Tractatus utilis et necessarius per viam Dialogi, de Pythonicis mulieribus_, pp. 56-7. [209] Sprenger, etc., pp. 458-9 in Bartholomew de Spina’s _De Strigibus_. [210] _Ibid._, pp. 459-60. [211] Sprenger, p. 546. [212] de Spina, pp. 544-5. [213] Sprenger, pp. 103-25, 267 _et seq._; also in vol. ii of _Malleorum ... tomi duo, De Pythonicis mulieribus_, pp. 42-3. [214] Sprenger, pp. 152 _et seq._ and 354. [215] _Ibid._, pp. 152 _et seq._, 341 _et seq._; de Spina, in vol. ii, p. 502. [216] Sprenger, pp. 141 _et seq._, 296-301, 360 _et seq._; _De Pythonicis mulieribus_, in vol. ii, pp. 65 _et seq._ [217] Sprenger, p. 310; _De Pythonicis mulieribus_, in vol. ii, p. 75. [218] See Sprenger, p. 581. _Cf._ Lea, vol. iii, p. 508. [219] A very effective play based upon this idea is that of H. Wiers-Jenssen, of which the English version is _The Witch_, by John Masefield. [220] It was so decided by Gregory XI, when the right of the French inquisition in the matter was challenged. Papal commissions issued to inquisitors early in the fifteenth century specifically enumerate sorcery and witchcraft among offences with which they are to deal.