[444] Tanon, p. 519; Simancas, _op. cit._, p. 133. For form of sentence, _Practica_, p. 59. ‘.... Dirui ac moliri funditus ita quod de cetero in loco seu solo ejus nulla humana habitatio seu reedificatio aut clausio ibi fiat, seu locus inhabitabilis et incultus et inclausus semper existat, et sicut fuit receptaculum perfidorum, sic deinceps ex nunc perpetuo sordium locus fiat.’ [445] _Ibid._ [446] Lea, vol. i, p. 483. [447] Tanon, _op. cit._, pp. 404-7. [448] Bernard Gui, _Practica_, pp. 129, 144; _Liber Sententiarum_, pp. 93, 208; Douais, _L’Inquisition_, pp. 297, 298, 324. [449] _Directorium_, pp. 514-16. [450] _Practica_, pp. 124, 127. ‘Cum ecclesia ultra non habet quod faciat pro suis demeritis contra ipsum, idcirco eundem relinquimus brachio et judicio curie secularis.’ [451] Lea, vol. i, pp. 544-6. [452] The formula ran, ‘Eundem N. tanquam haereticum relinquimus brachio et judicio curie saecularis, eandem affectuose rogantes prout canonice sanctiones, quatenus citra mortem et membrorum ejus mutilationem circa judicium et suam sententiam moderetur.’ _Practica_, p. 127. Cf. _Directorium_, pp. 554, 559. [453] Douais, _L’Inquisition_, pp. 264-8; Maillet, _op. cit._, ch. iv. [454] _Supra_, pp. 152-6. [455] Admitted candidly by Peña. See _Directorium_, p. 131, comm. 20. [456] See Simancas, p. 147. See Vacandard, _op. cit._, on the Church’s use of secular aid, pp. 27-8. ‘Nor were they content with merely accepting it. They declared that the State had not only the right to help the Church in suppressing heresy, but that she was in duty bound to do so.’ [457] ‘A legal fiction,’ is Vacandard’s way of putting it; a ‘hypocrisy,’ Lea’s. Langlois calls it ‘a miserable equivocation.’ See Vacandard, _op. cit._, pp. 178-9. ‘We regret to state, however, that the civil judges were not supposed to take these words literally. If they were at all inclined to do so, they would have been quickly called to a sense of their duty by being excommunicated. The clause inserted by the canonists was a mere legal fiction, which did not change matters a particle.’ [458] J. à Royas in Zilettus, vol. xi, pt. ii, p. 231. [459] Simancas, _ibid._, p. 181. [460] Ludovico à Paramo, bk. i, p. 47. [461] For description of _Sermo generalis_, see _Directorium_, pp. 437-42, 548-59; _Practica_, pp. 83-6. [462] In 897 Pope Stephen VII had dug up the body of his predecessor, Formosus, solemnly tried and condemned it, had it mutilated and thrown into the Tiber. There is a case in 1022 of the body of a Manichæan of Orleans, who had died three years before, being exhumed. [463] See Lea, vol. i, pp. 231-2, 553; De Cauzons, vol. ii, pp. 354-61. [464] For sentences against the dead, see _Practica_, pp. 58, 122-6; _Liber Sententiarum_, pp. 32-4, 162-7, 333. [465] _Ibid._, pp. 43, 48. [466] _Ibid._, p. 54. [467] _Liber Sententiarum_, pp. 50, 53. [468] Douais, _Documents_, vol. ii, pp. 128-36 (_passim_), 151-2.