The Germans of the present century have maintained the pre-eminence in legal medicine achieved by their forefathers. Among a great number of investigators and writers a few may be mentioned: C. F. L. Wildberg, professor at Rostock, was a most prolific writer, edited a journal devoted to state medicine, and contributed a valuable bibliography of the subject;[84] A. F. Hecker, professor at Erfurth and afterward at Berlin, and J. H. Kopp each edited and contributed extensively to a medico-legal journal.[85] A much more important periodical was established in 1821 by Adolph Henke, professor in Berlin, and was continuously published until 1864. Henke also wrote a great number of articles and a text-book on legal medicine.[86] Jos. Bernt, professor at Vienna, published a collection of cases, a systematic treatise, and a number of monographs,[87] as well as the MS. work left by his predecessor in the chair, F. B. Vietz. A handbook containing an excellent history of medico-legal science was published by L. J. C. Mende, professor at Griefswald,[88] who also contributed a number of monographs, chiefly on obstetrical subjects. K. W. N. Wagner contributed but little to the literature of the subject, but it was chiefly by his efforts, while professor in the University of Berlin, that a department for instruction in state medicine was established there in 1832. A. H. Nicolai, also professor at Berlin, published a handbook[89] besides numerous articles in the journals. F. J. Siebenhaar published an encyclopædia of legal medicine, and in 1842 established a journal devoted to state medicine, which in its continuations was published until 1872.[90] J. B. Friedreich, professor at Erlangen, after editing a journal devoted to state medicine from 1844 to 1849, established one of the most important of current medico-legal periodicals in 1850,[91] to both of which he was a frequent contributor until his death in 1862. Ludwig Choulant, professor at Dresden, and more widely known as the author of important contributions to the history of medicine, published two series of reports of medico-legal investigations.[92] The foremost forensic physician of this period in Germany was unquestionably John Ludwig Casper, professor in the University of Berlin and “forensic physician” (gerichtlicher Physicus) to that city, who greatly extended the department established in the university under Wagner. He made innumerable investigations, some of which are preserved in several collections of cases,[93] others in his classic Handbook,[94] and still others in the periodical which he established in 1852, and which is now the most important current medico-legal journal.[95]