Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic medicine and Toxicology. Vol. 1Witthaus, R. A. (Rudolph August)
Science
Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic medicine and Toxicology. Vol. 1
Witthaus, R. A. (Rudolph August)
Medical jurisprudence; Poisons; Toxicology
If the wound has involved any large vessels, it is improbable that the
weapon can have been thrown any distance from the body, and when it is,
there are always fair grounds to expect interference with the original
position of the body. One circumstance which always strongly points to
suicide is the finding of the weapon firmly grasped in the hand of the
cadaver. The hand of a dead person cannot be made to grasp or retain
a weapon as does the hand which has grasped it at the last moments of
life. The amount of blood on the weapon should be noted, but it must be
remembered that a knife may have produced a fatal stab wound and still
no blood be found on it. This is explained by the fact that in a rapid
plunge the vessels were compressed, and only after the drawing of the
knife and relieving of the pressure blood began to flow, or possibly
the blood may have been wiped off the knife by the elasticity of the
skin.
When a person has died of a gunshot wound, especially at close range,
it is important to look for any wadding or paper found in the wound, as
in a number of instances the finding of such has led to the detection
of the criminal. For example, handwriting has been found on the paper,
or it has formed part of a printed page the rest of which has been
found in possession of the accused. When a gun is discharged near the
body, a portion of the wadding is almost always found in the irregular
wound produced.
POST-MORTEM EXAMINATION.
Having completed the examination of the surroundings, one next proceeds
with the post-mortem examination, which should be conducted according
to a well-defined plan, following which the results obtained will
always be satisfactory.
If possible the body should be removed to a large, well-ventilated, and
especially well-lighted room. No artificial light, if it can possibly
be avoided, should be used when performing the autopsy; artificial
light is especially bad on account of its yellowness and its power to
modify natural color. Many diseased conditions cannot be satisfactorily
determined by artificial light. The body should be placed on a high
table, and the facility with which the autopsy is made will often
depend on having the table high enough to render stooping unnecessary.
Never make an autopsy, if it can possibly be avoided, on a body while
in a coffin, as the examination is always unsatisfactory. The size and
surroundings of the room, and how it is lighted, should be entered in
the note-book.
=Instruments.=—If possible the following instruments should be at hand
before proceeding with an examination, although some of them may be
dispensed with:
(1) Large section knife; (2) scalpels; (3) enterotome (for opening
intestines and stomach); (4) costotome, or large bone forceps (for
cutting ribs); (5) scissors, large and small (one blade blunt); (6)
saw; (7) chisel; (8) dissecting forceps; (9) probe; (10) blowpipe; (11)
curved needles and strong twine; (12) measuring and graduated glass;
(13) small scales.
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