In Thornton’s case (8 Term Rep., 303; same case, 3 Esp., 4), it was held that the mere production in court of a diploma under the seal of one of the universities, is not of itself evidence to show that the person named in the diploma received the degree which the diploma specified. In another and later case, however, Simpson _v._ Dunmore (9 M. & W., 45; same case, 5 Jurist, 1012), it was held that it was unnecessary for the person producing a license from the Apothecaries’ Company (an incorporated body) to practise as an apothecary, the seal on which license was proved to be genuine, to give any additional evidence of his identity with the person named in the license. The reason for this doctrine is probably to be found in the well-known rule of evidence, that identity of both christian name and family name, is sufficient to raise a presumption of fact that the person bearing the name is the identical person so named in any written instrument. In Walmsley _v._ Abbott (1 K. & P., 309; same case, 5 D. & R., 62), proof of the signature of one of the examiners who signed a certificate of examination was held sufficient to warrant the acceptance of the certificate in evidence in the first instance. In another case the proof was that a person previously a stranger to the place went to a town which was the seat of a university, and was told that a certain building was the college, and that a certain person whom he saw there was the librarian, and that this librarian showed him what purported to be the seal of the university, and also a book which the librarian stated was the book of acts or records of the university, and the seal so shown him was compared with the seal of a certain diploma, the genuineness of which was in question, and a copy was made from the said book of acts, of an entry stating that the degree of M. D. had been conferred by the university upon a person bearing the same name as that in the diploma, and this proof was held a sufficient authentication of the diploma, and of the act or authority of the university conferring the degree. Collins case, 1 Addison & Ellis, 695; same case, 3 N. & M., 703.[159]