Medical Jurisprudence, Volume 3 (of 3)Paris, John Ayrton
Science
Medical Jurisprudence, Volume 3 (of 3)
Paris, John Ayrton
Medical laws and legislation -- Great Britain
The Roman law was very liberal in this respect; for the _decemviri_
allowed, that a child may be born in the _tenth_ month; and though a law
of the digest excludes the eleventh, yet the emperor Adrian, after
consulting with the philosophers and physicians, decreed even for this,
where the mother was of good and chaste manners. See Dig. 1. 4. 12.
Paul. Sentent. lib. 4. t. 9. s. 5. Nov. 39, c. 2. t. 17. with
Gothofred’s learned notes on those two texts of the Roman law. Cod. lib.
6 t. 29. leg. 2. Aul. Gell. lib. 3. cap. 16. Huber. Prælect. in Dig.
lib. 1. tit. 6.
A like liberal discretion probably prevails in most countries in Europe;
for an instance of which, we refer to a very respectable foreign lawyer,
who reports a decision by a _majority_ of judges in the supreme court of
Friesland, by which a child was admitted to the succession, though not
born till three hundred and thirty-three days from the day of the
husband’s death,[180] which period wants only three days of _twelve
lunar_ months. Sand. Decis. Fris. lib. 4. tit. 8. Definit. 10.
Nor will our own law, notwithstanding what Lord Coke advances, if the
authorities are duly collected and considered, be found deficient on
this interesting subject. Indeed there is a passage in Britton, which
gives countenance to Lord Coke’s limitation of forty weeks; for this
writer excludes from the inheritance posthumous children not born within
forty weeks from the husband’s death. Britt. 166. a. However, even this
writer seems to extend in some degree beyond the forty weeks; unless he
meant to make the wife’s conception exactly of equal date with the
husband’s death, which surely is not a very reasonable construction. But
without dwelling on such a nicety, it is sufficient, that the principal
of the few other authorities in our books are against so rigid a rule.
Bracton is very cautious, illegitimatizing only the issue born so long
after the husband’s death, as to create an improbability of its being
his child, without naming any fixed period. Bract. lib. 5. fo. 417. b.
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