[308] Caleb, or city of the dog, on the coast of Phœnicia, has been accorded the credit of the name of the god. See the Abbé Banier’s Mythology and Fables of the Ancients, etc. (translation), vol. iii, p. 160. [309] Possibly the first syllable of Æsculapius, like the Hebrew _ishi_, salutary, and _asa_, to heal, may have been from the Egyptian _usha_, health-bringing,—doctor. See Gerald Massey’s Book of Beginnings, vol. ii, p. 301. London, 1881. [310] Hence the name, Canicular Year. [311] It does not now rise heliacally until the middle of August. But, 4000 years ago it rose so about the 20th of June, and just preceded the annual rising of the Nile. [312] History of the Heavens, vol. i, p. 185. Anubis had various functions which cannot be spoken of here. He bore the souls of men to the nether world, like Hermes, of the Greeks, and assisted Horus in weighing them. A passage in the Book of the Dead reads, “He is behind the bier which holds the bowels of Osiris.” Evidently he might be regarded as the god of undertakers. [313] Typhon, or Set, was regarded, indeed, by the Egyptians as the god Sothis, or Sirius. See Bunsen’s Egypt’s Place, etc., vol. i, p. 429. But Typhon was not, in early times, regarded as simply the personification of evil. See Kenrick’s Ancient Egypt, vol. i, p. 350. [314] Zend Avesta. Edition by James Darmesteter, in two parts, or volumes, in The Sacred Books of the East, edited by Max Müller, vol. i, p. 83. Oxford, England, 1883. [315] Iliad, xxii. [316] Such a staff is, indeed, shown by Wilkinson, and is given by Cooper in his essay, already quoted. From the presence of the hawk and uræus, one might more properly accord it to Horus. [317] Physic and Physicians, vol. i, p. 6. London, 1839. [318] Princess, vol. i, p. 210. [319] _Ibid._ [320] See Cory’s Ancient Fragments, p. 112. Edition by Hodges. [321] Bunsen, in Egypt’s Place in Universal History, vol. ii, p. 89. [322] See Cory’s Ancient Fragments, p. 113. [323] Ancient Empires of the East, p. 76. [324] Herodotus, ii, 84. Translation by Rawlinson. [325] _Ibid._, ii, 77. [326] Princess, vol. i, p. 17. [327] History of Ancient Egypt, vol. ii, p. 528. London, 1881. [328] Encyclopædia Britannica, ninth ed. [329] Smith’s Dictionary of the Bible. [330] Ancient Empires of the East, p. 76. [331] Jer., xlvi, 11. [332] Herodotus, iii, 1, 129. [333] Polydamna. Helen’s enforced sojourn in Egypt is fully described by Herodotus (ii, 113-116), Thone, Thon, or Thonis, the historian speaks of as the “warden of the Canopic mouth of the Nile.” The town of Heracleum bore the name. [334] Odyssey, iv. [335] _Ibid._ [336] Natural History, vii. [337] Homer and the Iliad, vol. i. [338] Beginnings of History, p. 536. [339] Bunsen holds that Esmun and he were originally the same; “as the snake god he must actually be Hermes, in Phœnician, Tet, Taautes.” Egypt’s Place, etc., vol. iv, p. 256.