[340] In the cut he appears counting the years on a palm-branch—the ideograph for year. (Fig. 12, p. 101.) [341] Ibis religiosa, Hab of the Ancient Egyptians. [342] Ibis falcinellus, the glossy ibis. [343] Book of the Dead, ch. lxxviii. Translation by Birch, in vol. v of Bunsen’s Egypt’s Place, etc. The hawk is the usual symbol of Horus, just as the ibis is of Thoth. [344] Tiele pronounces Horus to be “the God of Light, the Token of Life.” History of the Egyptian Religion, p. 54. [345] Manual of Mythology, p. 346. London, 1873. [346] Often spoken of as the Hercules of the Egyptians. [347] History of the Egyptian Religion, p. 154. [348] See Diodorus Siculus, i, 25; and Tacitus, xiv, 81. [349] Says Gibbon: “Alexandria, which claimed his peculiar protection, glorified in the name of the City of Serapis.” The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, ch. xxviii. [350] See his Essay, p. 50. [351] Egypt of the Past, p. 15. London, 1881. [352] The capital of Lower Egypt. [353] Uarda, vol. i, p. 203. [354] History of the Egyptian Religion, p. 94. London, 1882. Tiele remarks that Imhotep was not only called Asklepios by the Greeks, “but likewise the Eighth, thus showing that they regarded him as one of the Kabirs” (p. 95). I may add that the worship of the Kabirs, in the character of cosmic deities, was early established in the region where Memphis stood. Bunsen, indeed, identifies Ptah and his seven sons with the Kabirs. See Egypt’s Place, etc., vol. iv, p. 217. [355] Vulcan of the Romans. [356] Ancient Egypt, vol. i, p. 333. [357] Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archæology, vol. iii, p. 386. [358] See Fig. 13, p. 104. The characters of this name are all phonetic; but very many are pictorial or symbolic. Examples of symbolic characters will be given in the chapter on amulets. [359] An offering; food, peace, welcome. [360] Egypt’s Place in Universal History, vol. i, p. 400. [361] Mysteries of the Cabiri, vol. i, p. 99. [362] See his work on Egypt, etc., in Asiatic Researches, vol. iii, p. 392. [363] Cooper says that they were the two deities of the morning and evening twilight, and “were the origin of the Dioscuri of the Greeks.” Archæic Dictionary. London, 1876. [364] Zoological Mythology, vol. i, p. 353. [365] Evil has always been associated with darkness. Harmful demons have always disliked light. [366] Mythology of the Aryans, vol. i, p. 391. [367] See Wilson’s edition, vol. iii, p. 307. [368] _Ibid._, p. 103. [369] Ormazd, believed to have been originally identical with Varuna of the Vedas. [370] Believed to be the Asclepias acida, or Sarcostemma viminalis, whose juice yields an intoxicating liquor. [371] Zend Avesta, vol. i, p. 141. [372] Demon. [373] Evil Spirits. [374] Zend Avesta. Translation by Darmesteter, vol. ii, p. 92.