Medieval English Nunneries c. 1275 to 1535Power, Eileen
History
Medieval English Nunneries c. 1275 to 1535
Power, Eileen
Convents -- England; Monastic and religious life of women -- History
Sober records bear out Langland's contention that Wrath was at home in
nunneries. Some of the worst cases have already been described; election
disputes, disputes arising from a prioress's favouritism, Margaret Wavere
dragging her nuns about the choir by their hair, and screaming insults at
them, Katherine Wells hitting them on the head with fists and feet[932].
Doubtless quarrels seldom got as far as blows; but bad temper and wordy
warfare were common. Insubordination was sometimes at the root of the
discord; nuns refused to submit meekly to correction after the
proclamation of their faults in chapter, or to obey their superiors. The
words of another satirist show that the monastic vow of obedience
sometimes sat lightly upon their shoulders:
Also another lady there was
That hyght dame dysobedyent
And sche set nowght by her priores.
Ans than me thowght alle was schent,
For sugettys schulde euyr be dylygent
Bothe in worde, in wylle and dede,
To plese her souerynes wyth gode entent,
And hem obey, ellys god forbede.
And of alle the defawtes that I cowde se
Thorowgh schewyng of experience,
Hyt was one of the most that grevyd me,
The wantyng of obedyence
For hyt schulde be chese in consciens
Alle relygius rule wytnesseth the same
And when I saw her in no reverence,
I myght no lenger abyde for schame,
For they setten not by obedyence.
And than for wo myne hert gan blede
Ne they hadden her in no reuerence,
But few or none to her toke hede[933].
Again the colours are darkened, but the eyes of the satirist had seen.
At St Mary's, Winchester, insubordination was evidently the chief fault.
William of Wykeham writes to the Abbess:
By public rumour it has come to our ears that some of the nuns of the
aforesaid house ... care not to submit to or even to obey you and the
deans and other obedientiaries lawfully constituted by you in those
things which concern regular observances nor to show them due
reverence, and that they will not bear or undergo the reproofs and
corrections inflicted upon them by their superiors for their faults,
but break out into vituperation and altercation with each other and in
no way submit to these corrections; meanwhile other nuns of your house
by detractions, conspiracies, confederacies, leagues, obloquies,
contradictions and other breaches of discipline (_insolenciis_) and
laxities (concerning which we speak not at present)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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