Visitors in the cloister are another side of the enclosure problem 394 The scholars of Oxford and Cambridge and the neighbouring nunneries 395 Regulations to govern the entrance of seculars into nunneries: (1) certain persons not to be admitted 401 (2) certain parts of the house and certain hours forbidden 402 (3) unsuccessful attempts to regulate the reception of boarders 409 The nuns and political movements 419 Robbery and violence 422 Border raids in Durham and Yorkshire 425 The strange tale of Sir John Arundel's outrage on a nunnery 429 The sack of Origny in _Raoul de Cambrai_ 432 CHAPTER XI. THE OLDE DAUNCE Nuns and the celibate ideal 436 Sources of evidence for the moral state of the English nunneries 439 Apostate nuns 440 Nuns' lovers 446 Nuns' children 450 Disorder in two small houses, Cannington (1351) and Easebourne (1478) 452 Disorder in the great abbeys of Amesbury and Godstow 454 Moral state of the nunneries in the diocese of Lincoln at two periods 456 Attempted statistical estimate of cases of immorality in Lincoln (1430-50), Norwich (1514) and Chichester (1478, 1524) dioceses 460 Punishment of offenders 462 General conclusions 471 CHAPTER XII. THE MACHINERY OF REFORM The chapter meeting 475 Reform by external authorities: (1) a parent house 478 (2) the chapter general of the order 481 (3) the bishop of the diocese 482 The episcopal visitation and injunctions 483 How far was this control adequate? (1) concealment of faults 488 (2) visitation too infrequent 490 (3) difficulty of enforcing injunctions 492 Value of visitation documents to the historian 493 CHAPTER XIII. THE NUN IN MEDIEVAL LITERATURE