Hugh’s term _logica_ expresses a conception of the Trivium as an integrated group. Less obvious, but hardly less significant, is the importance given implicitly to logic (_dialectica_). Though rhetoric is recognized as having theoretically a function in composing, it receives otherwise but little more attention than in the cardinal treatise of medieval pedagogy, the _Metalogicus_. C. THE _METALOGICUS_ OF JOHN OF SALISBURY The most extensive reasoned medieval survey of the Trivium is the _Metalogicus_[15] of John of Salisbury. Though this devotes most space to logic and to the logical aspects of other language study, it is a unified and carefully coherent presentation of all teaching that deals with words. Statesman as well as scholar, more widely known, perhaps, than any other man of his time, and more widely conversant with its movements in church and state, secretary to two archbishops of Canterbury, rounding out his life as Bishop of Chartres, he devoted his best thought to the _Metalogicus_. The classification underlying its first two books is that of Hugh of St. Victor.[16] { scientia recte loquendi scribendique { grammatica { { { poetica logica { { { demonstrativa { { { dialectica { ratio disserendi { probabilis { { { rhetorica { sophistica By the conception of the Trivium as twofold, _rhetorica_ is theoretically subordinated; and in John’s working out of the scheme it is ignored. Barely mentioned,[17] it appears to have no distinctive composing function. Part of its ancient function seems to be implied now and then under _grammatica_; more is certainly transferred to _dialectica_, with which John connects most of what he discerns of composition as a study. His scheme can be comprehended only as a whole and in sequence. The survey of _logica_ in Books I and II is not primarily an analysis. Rather it develops the functions of language studies in progressive stages. This procedure, too, as well as some of its important details, may have been suggested by Quintilian.[18] John is concerned less with division than with order. His own order is so significant and so carefully marked[19] that it should be followed step by step. DIGEST OF _METALOGICUS_ BOOK I. _GRAMMATICA_ i-vi. The opening takes occasion from certain opponents of the Trivium.[20] “When _logica_ was derided, and its envious opponent provoked me, in spite of my indignation and protests, by almost daily disputes, at length I accepted trial, and have studied to reply to his calumnies” (824 A) ... “Since I have undertaken the defense of _logica_, the book is entitled Metalogicon.”