[10] The term was more special than _dictator_, which meant more generally a master in the art of prose; but Boncompagno, perhaps because of his legal bent, uses the two side by side in his _Rhetorica novissima_: “Dictator, prout hodie sumitur, est ille qui oratorum dicta legit et repetit, et repetita variat et componit.... Dictatoris officium est materias sibi exhibitas vel a se aliquando inventas congruo latino et appositione ornare: tales namque interdum notarii appellantur.” Bibl. iurid. II. 257. [11] Under the title _Rhetorica ecclesiastica_ this is studied for the twelfth century by Emil Ott in Sitzungsberichte der K. Akad. der Wissenschaften, philosophisch-historische Klasse 125 (1891-1892), Abhandl. 8: pages 1-118, Vienna, 1892; and in the series edited by Dr. Ludwig Wahrmund with the sub-title Quellen zur Geschichte des römischcanonistischen Processes im Mittelalter, Innsbruck, vol. I, 1906. [12] E.g., the _privilegia_ of Urban III (1185) and of Gregory VIII (1187) in PL 202. [13] Poole provides the best English introduction to this study. [14] E.g., Alberic in Rockinger, I. 9. Ermini finds it used in the tenth century to mean _devoir_, or theme, “specimen eruditionis,” “lavoro scolastico,” _Poeti epici latini del secolo x_, 70, 109. [15] E.g., _Candelabrum_, as also Conrad in Rockinger, I. 442. For the _poetriæ_, see above, Chapter VII. B. [16] For _prosopopœia_ and _controversia_ see the index to ARP. [17] See above, page 191. [18] Made from the Plimpton MS. [19] For the three styles, see the indexes to ARP and to this volume. [20] Cursus is used in this general sense by the thirteenth-century grammar edited by Fierville (119), which also applies to compositio the phrase equabiliter perpolita (116). Rhet. ad Heren. has æqualiter perpolita. For cursus in its special sense, see below, section C. [21] _Poetria nova_ 1051-1060 is quoted here with some variations from Faral’s text. The _Candelabrum_ is therefore posterior to 1208-1213. [22] Cf. Matthieu de Vendôme, II., section 13 seq.; Faral, 155 seq. [23] “_Unius clausule integrum membrum._” _Clausula_ is consistently used to mean what we now call a sentence. It is so defined below (folio 6): “De clausulis quoque sequitur ut agamus, quoniam ex distinctionibus clausule compinguntur. Clausula igitur est plurium distinctionum continuatio ambitum perfectum sententie comprehendens.” The author adds that it is otherwise used _abusive_. His definition agrees with Fierville, 119. [24] Alberic (Rockinger, I. 25) has the same threefold division, but calls [1] _suspensiva_, and says that it ends _acuto accentu_. Conrad (Rockinger, I. 443) follows Alberic’s terms, and quotes (444-445) Alexander de Villedieu’s _Doctrinale_, 2348-2358. The _Candelabrum_ grasps clearly the ancient conception of a period as a sentence rhythmically composed and rhythmically completed.