[44] _Candelabrum_, describing French interpretation of prose rhythms by metrical terms, says: “Nor do they consider those feet according to shortness or length, but according to number of syllables and word-habit.” The whole passage is quoted by Thurot (484), who notes its correspondence to Maître Guillaume (quoted at 481): “The feet used in verse are three, dactyl, spondee, trochee. In _dictamen_, however, we use two, spondee and dactyl. Nor are the feet to be measured by length and shortness, but by the run (_cursus_) of the words. For every dissyllable, whether long or short, is a spondee; and a trisyllable with a short penult is a dactyl.” Ponce (quoted also at 481) lays down the same principle. The _cursus_, that is, was determined by the number of unstressed syllables between word-accents. The old terminology of quantitative metric was kept, partly because it was conveniently familiar, partly because the new rhythms were legitimate descendants of the old. But the abeyance of quantity could not be more clearly indicated than by the dictators’ habit of calling every dissyllable a spondee. CHAPTER IX PREACHING REFERENCES AND ABBREVIATIONS Bourgain Bourgain (l’Abbé L.), _La chaire française au xiie siècle_ d’après les manuscrits, Paris, 1879. Clerval (see the list for Chapter VI). Cruel Cruel (R.), _Geschichte der deutschen Predigt im Mittelalter_, Detmold, 1879. Douais Douais (C.), _Essai sur l’organisation des études dans l’Ordre des Frères Prêcheurs au xiiie et au xive siècle_ (1216-1342). Prèmiere province de Provence. Province de Toulouse, avec de nombreux textes inédits. Toulouse & Paris, 1884. LM Lecoy de la Marche (A.), _La chaire française au moyen âge_, spécialement au xiiie siècle, d’après les manuscrits contemporains, Paris, 1886 (2nd edition). Owst Owst (G. R.), _Preaching in medieval England_, an introduction to sermon manuscripts of the period c. 1350-1450, Cambridge, 1926. PL _Patrologia latina_ (Migne), cited by volume and column. Perdrizet Perdrizet (Paul), _Étude sur le Speculum humanæ salvationis_, Paris (thèse), 1908. Polheim Polheim (Karl), _Die lateinische Reimprosa_, Berlin, 1925.