Medieval rhetoric and poetic to 1400 : $b Interpreted from representative worksBaldwin, Charles Sears
History
Medieval rhetoric and poetic to 1400 : $b Interpreted from representative works
Baldwin, Charles Sears
Literature, Medieval -- History and criticism; Poetics -- History -- To 1500; Rhetoric, Medieval
No triumph of Chaucer’s is more evident than the art of narrative
swiftness in the tale of the Pardoner. Verse narrative has nothing
more seizing, more breathless, more fatal. Yet even this is no greater
than the art that reveals the Pardoner himself. The tale is no more
triumphant than the interlude and the prologue. Rather they belong
together. So the ordinary romance told by the Wife of Bath is heard
amid the echoes of her brutal realism. The familiar story of the cock
and the fox takes both color and shape from the Nun’s Priest. Readers
opening their _Canterbury Tales_ for the second time, or the third or
the tenth, are as likely to turn to an interlude as to a tale. Even an
adequate account of the poetic of every tale would fall short of the
total artistic value. For the interludes play a part in a scheme more
ambitious than any other medieval “framework”. Gower’s plan in the
_Confessio Amantis_ is no more than a classified series. The preface
to the _Decameron_ proposes “a hundred tales ... told in ten days by a
noble company of seven ladies and three youths in the time of the late
pestilence ... in the which tales appear pleasant or rude chances of love
and other incidents of fortune happening as well in modern times as in
ancient.” After describing the plague in Florence, the “noble company”,
and the fair country house to which they withdrew for safety, Boccaccio
makes each of his ten persons tell a tale each day on the same general
theme. Thus he arranges ten groups of ten tales each, with charming
interludes of conversation, song, and description. But only the charm
of style saves the connective from monotony. The narrators are merely
mouthpieces; the interludes are not used, as by Chaucer, to bring about
contrast and interchange; the setting, though more attractive than the
allegorical fiction of the _Confessio Amantis_, is merely repeated with
variations. The ancient plan of _The Seven Sages_ remains inflexible
through all the versions. The king, stayed by the tale of the first
sage, finds the queen in tears, and is won back by her counter-tale to
reaffirm his sentence on the prince. With mere variation of the dialogue
this scene is repeated six times. Instead of being always different, as
in the _Canterbury Tales_, the interlude is always substantially the
same. Not only are the tales generally alike in form, being all by the
necessity of the plan _exempla_, but the plan itself is little more than
a vehicle.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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