[46] ἡ συνθήκη λαμπρά I. 17 (50) (54). Συνθήκη here seems to be used for σύνθεσις, and νόημα in the context to be equivalent to _sententia_, as in I. 22 (90) of Dionysius of Miletus. If so, τάξις also, which in the older rhetoric means _dispositio_, is restricted by Philostratus to _compositio_. The latter, at any rate, is all that he ever discusses specifically. [47] Guignet, 214. [48] Menander Rhetor, περὶ ἐπιδεικτικῶν, analyzed by Burgess, 110 seq. Cf. Boulanger, 342, 363. See below, pages 30, 31. [49] The same topics, indeed, are found in letters, anticipating the medieval _dictamen_. See Guignet, _Les procédés épistolaires de St. Grégoire de Nazianzen_, Paris, 1911 (added to the work previously cited). [50] Miss Kennedy shows that the cramping of biography by encomiastic pattern hampers Ammianus in imitating Tacitus, whose method is narrative (_The Literary Work of Ammianus_, Chicago, 1912, pages 11-14). [51] II., opening. [52] Basil, _In Gordium_, 142 D-143 A, as translated by Campbell, 147. [53] For προγυμνάσματα in a general sense see ARP 249. [54] Sandys, _History of Classical Scholarship_, I. 311. Theon is quoted by Walden, _The Universities of Ancient Greece_, 200-1, 205-10. [55] E.g., there is a commentary on Aphthonius by the Byzantine John Doxopater in the twelfth century, and an Amsterdam edition as late as 1665. [56] “The most famous technical writer on rhetoric in the second century ... categories quoted by all the technical rhetoricians who succeeded him.” Wright, xxxvi. See also Boulanger, 241; and Radermacher in Pauly-Wissowa. [57] My translation is from the Teubner text of Rabe, Leipzig, 1913, pages 1-27. [58] This section and the following remind both of the traditional importance of narrative and description in oratory and of the general confusion of poetic with rhetoric. [59] The exercise is still included in the Jesuit Latin manual of rhetoric, Kleutgen’s _Ars dicendi_ (1898), but is relegated to an appendix. [60] The topics for encomium of a person are analyzed by Burgess (120) from Aphthonius, and by Méridier (15, 44, 226) and Burgess (120 seq.) from Menander Rhetor. Menander distinguishes four kinds: simple encomium (of one dead some time), funeral oration, monody, speech of consolation. The topic _achievements_ might also be divided as of war and of peace, or by virtues. That the topic _comparison_ (σύγκρισις) might be distributed, as in Menander, Hermogenes admits below. APHTHONIUS MENANDER I. prologue { 1. nationality native country II. race { 2. native city race { 3. ancestors birth { 4. parents nature { 1. pursuits education III. education { 2. art pursuits { 3. laws