IX. PREACHING 228 A. VERNACULAR TO THE PEOPLE, LATIN TO THE CLERGY 232 B. COLLECTIONS 233 C. MANUALS 236 D. SYMBOLISM 239 E. COMPOSITION 245 1. Imaginative Method 245 2. Logical Method 247 F. STYLE 250 1. Rhythm 250 2. Balance and Rime 251 3. Refrain 254 X. POETIC ACHIEVEMENT IN VERNACULAR 258 A. LYRIC AND EPIC 258 B. EXPERIMENT AND CONVENTION IN ROMANCE 260 1. Romance in Latin and in Vernacular 260 2. Walter Map and Marie 261 3. Chrétien de Troyes 264 4. Conventional Composition 267 C. THE POETIC COMPOSITION OF THE _DIVINA COMMEDIA_ 269 D. THE HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL VERSE NARRATIVE IN CHAUCER 280 1. Poetic Conventions in the Earlier Poems 281 2. Poetic Innovation in the _Troilus and Criseyde_ 284 3. Criticism of the _Poetriæ_ 289 4. The Poetic of the _Canterbury Tales_ 296 SYNOPTIC INDEX 303 INDEX 307 ABBREVIATIONS RECURRING IN THE NOTES [The abbreviations used in each chapter will be found with the list of references below the chapter heading.] AH Dreves and Blume, _Analecta hymnica medii ævi_, Leipzig, 1886-1911 (cited by volume and page). ARP Baldwin (C. S.), _Ancient rhetoric and poetic_, New York, 1924. Clerval Clerval (l’Abbé A.), _Les écoles de Chartres au moyen âge, du Ve au XVIe siècle_, Chartres, 1895. CSE _Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum latinorum_, Vienna. F Faral (E.), _Les arts poétiques du XIIe et du XIIIe siècle_, recherches et documents sur la technique littéraire du moyen âge, Paris, 1924. Halm Halm (K.), _Rhetores latini minores_, Leipzig, 1863. Keil Keil (H.), _Grammatici latini_, Leipzig, 1870-1880 (cited by volume and page).