Norwich seems to have arisen from the ruin of _Venta Icenorum_, now Caister, the capital of the Iceni, 3 miles south. In 575, it is said to have been fortified by Uffa, first king of the East Angles. In 642, it was a chief seat of his successor Anna. In the time of Alfred the Great, and afterwards, it was attacked by the Danes, and became the capital of Guthrum. The place rose to importance, and had a mint; and in the reign of Edward the Confessor it was of that greatness, that it had 25 churches, and 1,320 burgesses. In 1094, Bishop Herbert de Losinga moved the see here from Thetford. This bishop, in 1096, began the cathedral. In 1336, a number of Flemish weavers settled here, and greatly improved the worsted and clothing trades. In 1565, a further accession of these artizans was obtained, in consequence of the persecution in the Netherlands. Next to Manchester, London and Glasgow, Norwich is one of the largest seats of the weaving trade. The previous remarks shew that it is of great antiquity; and the trade has taken fresh vigour from the introduction of the factory system. The chief productions are bombazines, crapes, gauzes, challis, mousselin de laine, fillover shawls, silk shawls, bandannas, camlets, mohair, paramattas, poplins, bareges, glove cloths, sewing cotton, coach lace, horse hair, sacking, sailcloth, &c. There are also dyeries, foundries, machine works, tanneries, breweries, maltkilns, coach works, rope works, chemical works, soaperies, paper mills, pianoforte and organ works, and the boot and shoe trade employ several hundred hands. Norwich has a Chamber of Commerce. The city and county of the city are governed by a corporation, consisting of a mayor, 16 aldermen, and 48 councillors, with a sheriff, under-sheriff, recorder, judge of the borough court, town-clerk, clerk of the peace, coroner, jailer, superintendent of police, four sergeants-at-mace, water-bailiff, bellman, &c. There is a separate commission of the peace, with 26 justices, holding quarter sessions and daily sessions. The Borough Court is held every day. There is also a Court of Pleas and Court of Conscience. The revenues of the corporation are about £15,000 a year. The city returns two Members to Parliament. Assizes and quarter sessions for the county and city are held at the usual periods. There is a County Court; Will and Ecclesiastical Courts are held for the diocese and archdeaconry. There is a large fair for horses and cattle, called Tombland Fair, held on the day before Good Friday, and pleasure fairs at Easter and Whitsuntide.