Conclusion 248 CHAPTER XLIX 1400. The glory and progress of Italy while divided into many states 253 1492-1530. Her long struggle against foreign aggression is closed in servitude 253 1533-1600. Spanish domination fatal to manners, language, and literature 254 " " This evil augmented by the Academies 255 " " The Assorditi of Urbino 255 " " The influence of the Reformation, how excluded from Italian letters 257 " " The age of rhetoricians and fulsome compliment 257 " " Mathematics and engineering studied at Urbino 259 1509-1575. Federigo Comandino of Urbino 260 1544. Guidobaldo Marchese del Monte 262 1529-1591. Francesco Paciotti of Urbino 262 -1560. Gian Giacomo Leonardi of Pesaro 264 1569-1639. Muzio Oddi of Urbino 265 1553-1612. Bernardino Baldi of Urbino, his vast acquirements and numerous works 266 His Lives of Dukes of Urbino 273 1496-1576. Girolamo Muzio of Capo d'Istria, biographer of the Dukes 274 1555-1602. Federigo Bonaventura of Urbino 277 CHAPTER L Facilities of Italian versification 278 Absence of traditionary ballads 279 1508-1600. Poetry flourishes at Urbino 280 1474-1533. Ludovico Ariosto 280 1515. He visits Urbino; his room in the palace there 281 " " The qualities of his poetry 286 1492-1557. Pietro Aretino, "scourge of princes" 287 Mediocrity of his poetry, and baseness of his character 288 1490-1547. Vittoria Colonna, Marchioness of Pescara 291 " " Her devotional character and poetry 292 1522. Laura Battiferri of Urbino 294 Other bards of that court 294 Dionigi Atanagi; specimens of his verses 295 Antonio Galli and Marco Montani of Urbino 297 1493-1569. Bernardo Tasso 298 His early irregularities and services 298