1482. To Duke Federigo 459 1508. To Duke Guidobaldo I. 459 1538. To Duke Francesco Maria I. 460 1574. To Duke Guidobaldo II. 460 1602. To Duchess Vittoria 460 1578. To Cardinal Giulio della Rovere 461 1523. To Prince Federigo 461 1531. To Duke Francesco Maria II. 461 1632. To Princess Lavinia della Rovere 462 Statistics of Urbino 463 Revenues of the Duchy 464 Its population 466 Pietro Aretino's Sonnets on Titian's portraits of Duke Francesco Maria I. and the Duchess Leonora 470 Petition to Guidobaldo II. from the majolica makers of Pesaro 472 Letters from the Archbishop of Urbino to Cardinal Giulio della Rovere concerning a service of majolica 474 List of pieces 475 Collection of art made by the Dukes of Urbino 476 Pelli's list 478 Venturi's list 485 The Pesaro list 488 MEMOIRS OF THE DUKES OF URBINO--III NOTE.--The Editor's notes are marked with an asterisk. BOOK SIXTH (_continued_) OF FRANCESCO MARIA DELLA ROVERE, FOURTH DUKE OF URBINO MEMOIRS OF THE DUKES OF URBINO CHAPTER XXXIX Causes which led to the sack of Rome--The assault--Death of Bourbon--Atrocities of his soldiery--The Duke of Urbino's fatal delays--The Pontiff's capitulation and escape--Policy of the Emperor. Our narrative of little interesting campaigns has now brought us to an event unparalleled in the horrors of modern warfare, by which the laws of nature, the dictates of humanity, the principles of civilisation were alike outraged. The sack of Rome inflicted a dire retribution for the restless shuffling that had disgraced the temporal policy of recent pontiffs; it was the crowning mischief to a long agony of ultramontane aggression; and in it was spent one of the last mighty waves of barbarian aggression that broke upon the Italian Peninsula.