Succession of Duke Guidobaldo II.--He loses Camerino and the Prefecture of Rome--The altered state of Italy--Death of Duchess Giulia--The Duke's remarriage--Affairs of the Farnesi 85 CHAPTER XLIII The Duke's domestic affairs--Policy of Paul IV.--The Duke enters the Spanish service--Rebellion at Urbino severely repressed--His death and character--His children 106 BOOK EIGHTH OF FRANCESCO MARIA II. DELLA ROVERE, SIXTH AND LAST DUKE OF URBINO CHAPTER XLIV Autobiography of Duke Francesco Maria II.--His visit to the Spanish Court--His studious habits--His marriage--Is engaged in the naval action of Lepanto--Succeeds to the dukedom 129 CHAPTER XLV The unsatisfactory results of his marriage--He separates from the Duchess--His court and habits--Death of the Duchess--He remarries 152 CHAPTER XLVI Birth of Prince Federigo--The Duke's retired habits and aversion to business--His constitution-making experiments--His instructions to his son--The Prince's unfortunate education and character 173 CHAPTER XLVII The Prince's marriage--The Duke entrusts to him the government, and retires to Castel Durante--His dissolute career and early death--Birth of his daughter Vittoria--The Duke rouses himself--He arranges the devolution of his state to the Holy See--Papal intrigues 196 CHAPTER XLVIII The Duke's monkish seclusion--His death and character--His portraits and letters--Notices of Princess Vittoria, and her inheritance--Fate of the ducal libraries--The duchy incorporated with the Papal States--Results of the Devolution 224 BOOK NINTH OF LITERATURE AND ART UNDER THE DUKES DELLA ROVERE AT URBINO CHAPTER XLIX Italian literature subject to new influences--The Academies--Federigo Comandino--Guidobaldo del Monte--The Paciotti--Leonardi--Muzio Oddi--Bernardino Baldi--Girolamo Muzio--Federigo Bonaventura 253 CHAPTER L Italian versification--Ariosto--Pietro Aretino--Vittoria Colonna--Laura Battiferri--Dionigi Atanagi--Antonio Galli--Marco Montano--Bernardo Tasso 278 CHAPTER LI Torquato Tasso--His insanity--Theories of Dr. Verga and Mr. Wilde--His connection with Urbino--His intercourse with the Princess of Este--His portraits--His letter to the Duke of Urbino--His confinement--His death--His poetry--Battista Guarini 308 CHAPTER LII The decline of Italian art: its causes and results--Artists of Urbino--Girolamo della Genga and his son Bartolomeo--Other architects and engineers 335 CHAPTER LIII