Derbyshire (England) -- Antiquities; Derbyshire (England) -- History
The articles associated with the interments, or, rather, the sites
of the piles, consist mostly of potsherds and rude implements and
chippings of flint, which are usually described as burnt. The potsherds
appear in every case to have been introduced as _potsherds_, and they
also appear to have belonged to the ordinary domestic vessels of the
time. That the introduction of these and the flints, together with
the pebbles which have occasionally been observed, had a religious
significance can hardly be questioned; and doubtless it is to this
custom, which was widespread and not confined to our shores, that the
passage in _Hamlet_ refers, anent the burial of Ophelia, that “sherds,
flints, and pebbles should be thrown on her.” Ophelia was supposed to
have perished by her own hands, and this pagan rite, reversed under the
Christian _regime_ into a symbol of execration, was deemed more fitting
in such a case than “charitable prayers.”
Other objects than these rarely occur in these barrows, and they mostly
relate to the personal attire of the deceased. Two bronze daggers and
a pin, and a bone pin or two, have been found—all burnt; but the most
remarkable “find” consisted of twenty-eight convex bone objects, marked
with dots and described as draughtsmen, and two ornamented bone combs,
which also had passed through the fire. Fragments of iron, a coin of
the lower Empire, and the upper stone of a quern, have also been found.
The coin is a valuable link in the chain of evidence as to the age of
these barrows. It was found associated with wheel-made potsherds and
calcined bones on the site of the funeral pile, under a small mound,
near Mininglow, under conditions which left no room for doubt that
it had passed through the fire with the body and the potsherds. The
terms in which the potsherds found in these barrows are invariably
described, as “wheel-made,” “hard,” “firmly-baked,” “compact,” and
“Romano-British,” all suggest the period of the Roman occupation or
its near approach. Querns and the use of iron are admittedly of late
introduction. The bone combs referred to above have a distinct Iron Age
_facies_. The two bronze dagger-blades, one of which was found in the
earth extension of the smaller Mininglow chambered cairn, are both of
later type than those associated with the Bronze Age burials.
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