There is a double series as in Egypt, but the Turkish series are based, one on the Dirhem and the other on the Egypto-Roman ounce at the standard of 436·45 grains. In modern Rome it is 436·26 grains, in Tuscany 436·66 grains. The Dirhem, = 49·5 grains, is 16 qirát of 3·1 grains. The Cheké is of 100 dirhems = 4950 grains. The Oka is of 400 dirhems = 2·83 lb. The Cantar is = 2000 ounces = 124·7 or 44 Oke. The Cantar is divided into 100 Rottoli of 1·247 lb., = 20 ounces. _The Libbra and the Rottolo_ Rottoli of over 16 ounces are not uncommon in Mediterranean countries, whether Moslem or Christian. They form an alternate series with the libbra series. Thus in Algiers there are 3 rottoli of 16, 18 and 24 oz., each ounce, = 526·6 grains, being 10 greater dirhems, and coinciding with the Russian ounce. There are— in Sicily a 12-oz. libbra, = 4897 grs., and a 30-oz. rottolo = 12,244 grs.; in Malta a 12-oz. libbra, = 4886 grs., and a 30-oz. rottolo = 12,215 grs.; in Genoa a 12-oz. libbra, = 4893 grs., and an 18-oz. rottolo = 7378 grs.; in Naples a 12-oz. libbra, = 4950 grs., and a rottolo = 13,750 grs. These Italian libbre belong to the dirhem system, their ounces being 8 dirhems of slightly different weights; and the ounces are of much lower weight than the ounces of the northern countries or of ancient Rome. Though divided into 12 ounces, these libbre belong to the same class as the 16-oz. pounds of Southern France; all having ounces of 8 dirhems. But in North Africa the Oka and the rottolo have an ounce of 10 dirhems. OUNCES AND DIRHEMS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SYSTEM Lb. of Oz. Dirhem of Genoa 12 oz. 408·5 grs. 1/8 = 51 grs. Sicily „ 408 „ 1/8 = 51 „ Malta „ 407 „ 1/8 = 51 „ Sardinia „ 392·6 „ 1/8 = 49·1 „ Majorca „ 392 „ 1/8 = 49 „ Languedoc 16 oz. 400 „ 1/8 = 50 „ Gascony „ 392 „ 1/8 = 49 „ Provence „ 377 „ 1/8 = 47·1 „ Turkey = 49·5 „ Egypt = 47·66 „ Morocco Rotl 20 oz. 392 „ = 49 „ Tripoli Oka 40 oz.⎫ 470·75 „ 1/10 = 47 „ Algiers Rotl 16 oz.⎭ Tunis Rotl 16 oz. 485·8 „ 1/10 = 48·58 „ Everywhere there is a Cantar or Quintal, a hundredweight, divided into 4 _rūba_ and into 100 pounds or rotl. In Tunis the Cantar = 111 lb., divided into 100 rotl of 16 ukyé or ounces of 10 dirhems. In Tripoli it is = 107·6 lb., in 100 rotl of 16 ukyé, of 8 dirhems of 47·075 grains. In Morocco it is = 112 lb. of 100 rotl, each of 20 ukyé of 8 dirhems; the ukyé or ounce = 392 grains as in Gascony (Foix, Albi, &c.), where it was 8 ternau.