1. The first of these measures, the cubed Persian cubit, has been accurately preserved in the Cafiz of Tunis, which is the Den, doubled, 2 × 58·088 = 116·4 gallons. Its present standard is 116·34 gallons, and it is divided into 16 Wuebe of 7·27 gallons (1/2 Artaba) each of 12 Saa of 0·605 „ While the Cafiz of Tunis is of 8 Artaba, the Cahiz of Spain is of 10 Artaba, 10 × 14·55 = 145·5 gallons. It is divided into 12 Fanegas of 12·125 gallons each of 12 Almudas or Celemines of 1·0104 gallons. The present standard in Spain of the Cahiz = 144·7 gallons, the Fanega being = 12·06 gallons, and the Celemin = 1·005 gallon. The Tomolo of Naples is = 12·22 gallons. 2. The second measure, the cubed Black cubit = 34·73 gallons, is the basis of the fluid (oil and wine) measures of Tunis, and also of Spain, Provence and Paris. Reduced in inverse water-wheat ratio, it gives 34·73/1·22 = 28·46 gallons. This fluid measure, apparently not extant at the present time, is yet found in its double, the Moyo of Spain = 56·79 gallons, and its half, the Mezzaruola of Italy, the Mieirolo of Marseilles. The Mieirolo is the basis of other important measures; its standard, = 28·46/2 = 14·19 gallons, is found— in Tunis = 13·97 gallons in Tripoli = 14·19 „ in Spain = 14-23 „ (1/4 Moyo). A quarter of this measure is the _Arroba mayor_ of Spain (arroba = al-rūbá, the fourth), the Escandau of Marseilles = 3·54 gallons. The half of the Arroba, or of the Escandau, corresponds to the Velte, 1·76 gallon at Paris, 1·73 gallon in Hanover, &c. It is the meeting point of Northern and Southern measures, which are derived quite separately from Al-Mamūn’s cubit, the former by weight, the latter by measure. The measures of Portugal differ little from those of Spain. The corn-unit is the Fanga (Sp. _fanega_, Ar. _faníqa_, sack) = 12·17 gallons. There appears to have been a larger unit of 6 fangas, as the name of the Alqueire, 1/4 fanga, implies that this smaller unit was a qirát, 1/24 of a large measure = 6 fangas. The alqueire varies in capacity. In Brazil it is our Imperial bushel. In Spain the fanega is the usual seed-measure of land; it is = 1·6 acre (exactly the saumado seed-measure of Provence), though probably that amount of land requires fully 2 fanegas of seed-corn. The cubed Black cubit appears also as a corn-measure, its original purpose. Original standard 34·73 gallons = 4·34 bushels Rebekeh of Egypt = 4·32 „ Cargo of Marseilles = 4·26 „ Setier of Paris = 4·29 „ 3. The cubed Black foot, = 10·292 gallons, passed with the Moors to Spain; it was the standard of the old Burgos fanega until the fifteenth century, when the present Avila standard prevailed.