His financial management was at first to raise the money needed for the war by loans, until the expenses became so great as to be beyond the capacity of the specie in the country. Then, still adhering to the principle of raising the means for the war within the United States, he introduced the legal tender paper currency, and by providing that it should be a necessary basis for banking operations, he shrewdly placed the whole banking capital of the United States in a position where it must live or die with the country. This not only provided funds, but made every dollar of money act as a direct stimulus to the patriotism of those who supplied it. On June 30, 1864, Chase resigned his position in the treasury. That Providence which has ordained so many striking and peculiar instances of victory and reward for men who espoused the cause of humanity in its dark hours, had also one for Chase. Oct. 12, 1864, by the death of Taney, the Chief Justiceship of the United States Supreme Court became vacant, and Lincoln expressed the sense of the whole American people in calling Chase to fill that venerable office. The young lawyer, who without name or prestige, dared to put in pleas for the poorest of his brethren, when the slave power was highest and haughtiest, and whose pleas were overruled with the most chilling contempt, now by God's providence holds that supreme position on the national bench from which, let us trust, the oppressor and the tyrant have faded away forever! [Illustration: H. Wilson] CHAPTER VI. HENRY WILSON. Lincoln, Chase and Wilson as Illustrations of Democracy--Wilson's Birth and Boyhood--Reads over One Thousand Books in Ten Years --Learns Shoemaking--Earns an Education Twice Over--Forms a Debating Society--Makes Sixty Speeches for Harrison--Enters into Political Life on the Working-Men's Side--Helps to form the Free Soil Party--Chosen United States Senator over Edward Everett--Aristocratic Politics in those Days--Wilson and the Slaveholding Senators--The Character of his Speaking--Full of Facts and Practical Sense--His Usefulness as Chairman of the Military Committee--His "History of the Anti-Slavery Measures in Congress"--The 37th and 38th Congresses--The Summary of Anti-Slavery Legislation from that Book--Other Abolitionist Forces--Contrast of Sentiments of Slavery and of Freedom-- Recognition of Hayti and Liberia; Specimen of the Debate--Slave and Free Doctrine on Education--Equality in Washington Street Cars--Pro-Slavery Good Taste--Solon's Ideal of Democracy Reached in America.