+---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | |Penck, 1910 | | Boule, Breuil, | | Geologic Time |Geikie, 1914| Wiegers, 1913 | Obermaier, 1912 | | | | | Schmidt, 1912 | |----------------------|------------|---------------|-----------------| | | |Bronze. |Magdalenian. | |_Postglacial._ |Magdalenian.|Neolithic. |Solutrean. | | | |Azilian. |Aurignacian. | |----------------------|------------|---------------|-----------------| | | |Magdalenian. | | | | |Solutrean. |Mousterian. | |IV. GLACIAL. |Solutrean. |Aurignacian. | | | | |Mousterian. | | |----------------------|------------|---------------|-----------------| | | | |Early Mousterian.| | | | |Cold Acheulean. | |_Third Interglacial._ |Mousterian. |Mousterian. |Warm " | | | | |Chellean. | | | | |Pre-Chellean. | |----------------------|------------|---------------|-----------------| |III. GLACIAL. |Mousterian. |Cold Acheulean.| | |----------------------|------------|---------------|-----------------| |_Second Interglacial._|Acheulean. |Warm Acheulean.| | | |Chellean. |Chellean. | | |----------------------|------------|---------------|-----------------| |II. GLACIAL. | | | | |----------------------|------------|Pre-Chellean |-----------------| |_First Interglacial._ | | | | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ Interpretation of these four kinds of evidence as to the antiquity of human culture in western Europe still leads to widely diverse opinions. On the one hand, we have the high authority of Penck(61) and Geikie(62) that the Chellean and Acheulean cultures are as ancient as the second long warm interglacial period. An extreme exponent of the same theory is Wiegers,(63) who would carry the Pre-Chellean back even into First Interglacial times. On the other side, Boule,(64) Schuchardt,(65) Obermaier,(66) Schmidt,(67) and the majority of the French archæologists place the beginning of the Pre-Chellean culture in Third Interglacial times.