The failure to consider interest on investment in the overhead introduces another difficulty of some importance. If rents actually paid are included in costs, equality of treatment demands that interest on capital invested in plants owned, and therefore not rented, should be considered. In the costs of 14 of the American companies investigated the rent charge amounted to $0.29 per dozen for all styles of hats. It appears that there is no information to show that any one of the Italian companies covered rented its factory; therefore, the failure to include interest on the capital invested in the Italian factories may have overestimated the relative strength of Italian competition. The failure to include interest on invested capital in the Italian costs might justify the exclusion of the rent item from the American overhead costs. It will, of course, be argued that to disregard all overhead costs in both the foreign and domestic figures in the way suggested would fail to measure the domestic disadvantage arising from relatively higher overhead expenses. There are, however, two considerations, discussed in detail in this statement, which tend to compensate for any inaccuracy which the above findings might imply. They are (1) the method of sampling employed by the commission; and (2) the failure to consider certain of the Italian industries' marketing expenses. _Conclusions._--The principal significance of the foregoing discussion is to be found in the conclusion that, in recommending under the law an increase in the present rate of duty on lower-priced hats from 60 to 88 per cent on foreign value, the statute is being liberally construed from the point of view of the domestic industry, in the effort to arrive at an equalization of costs in the United States and abroad. Regardless of the legal question as to whether transportation should or should not be included, any higher duty on any of the hats investigated than 88 per cent on foreign value--particularly so high a duty as 105 per cent, or the equivalent 50 per cent on American selling price, which has been suggested by certain commissioners--involves such a grave departure from the economic purposes sought to be promoted by section 315 as to make it highly desirable that the present investigation be reopened before any such increase in duty is proclaimed. Reviewing, therefore, the whole record in this investigation and dismissing, though not without hesitation, the foregoing argument in favor of a lower rate of duty than 88 per cent, foreign value, on the lower-priced hats, it is submitted that under the law the data collected by the commission in this investigation warrant formal findings of fact to the following effect: 1. The classification for men's sewed straw hats in paragraph 1406 of the tariff act of 1922 should be changed to provide separate rates of duty for imported hats of different foreign values.