On the Continent it was first published in 1782 in connection with the Mendelssohnian movement for Jewish emancipation, which was participated in by Lessing and Dohm. The fact that it should have been considered by Moses Mendelssohn worthy to stand by the side of Lessing’s _Nathan der Weise_ is a striking tribute to its merits. The Mendelssohnian issue is more famous than the original English edition, for in its German form the work became a classic of national Jewish controversy, whereas in English it was only associated with the local history of the British Jews. The following is the full title of the German edition (pp. lii, 64, sm. 8vo):— Manasseh Ben Israel / Rettung der Juden / Aus dem Englischen übersetzt / Nebst einer Vorrede / von / Moses Mendelssohn./ Als ein Anhang / zu des / Hrn. Kriegsraths Dohm / Abhandlung: / Ueber / die bürgerliche Verbesserung / der Juden./ Mit Königl. Preussischer allergnädigster Freyheit./ Berlin und Stettin / bey Friedrich Nicolai / 1782. This translation is said to have been made by Dr. Herz, the husband of the famous Henrietta Herz (Kayserling, “Moses Mendelssohn sein Leben und seine Werke,” p. 354), but it was probably done by his wife, who knew English so well that during her widowhood she was engaged to teach it to the daughter of the Duchess of Courland. (See “Life” by Fürst, also Jennings’s “Rahel,” pp. 19 _et seq._) The introduction supplied by Moses Mendelssohn fills fifty-two pages, and is as famous as the _Vindiciæ_ itself. Besides being reprinted in Mendelssohn’s collected works, the German edition of the _Vindiciæ_ was republished in 1882, in connection with the Anti-Semitic agitation, under the title “Gegen die Verleumder,” and again in 1890. The following editions have also appeared:— 1813. Hebrew by Bloch (Vienna). 1818. Hebrew with a preface by Moses Kunitz (Wilna). 1837. Polish by J. Tugenhold (Warsaw). 1842. French by Carmoly (Brussels, _Revue Orientale_, ii. pp. 491 _et seq._). 1883. Italian by Nahmias (Florence). THE FIRST SECTION