Mendel's principles of heredity: A defenceMendel, Gregor
Science
Mendel's principles of heredity: A defence
Mendel, Gregor
Heredity; Hybridization; Mendel's law; Weldon, Walter Frank Raphael. Mendel's laws of alternative inheritance in peas
In such a case we call the character _A_ a _compound_ allelomorph,
and we can speak of the integral characters which constitute it as
_hypallelomorphs_. We ought to write the heterozygote (_A A′ A″_ ...)
_B_ and the gametes produced by it may be of the form _A_, _A′_, _A″_,
_A‴_,... _B_. Or the resolution may be incomplete in various degrees,
as we already suspect from certain instances; in which case we may have
gametes _A_, _A′ A″_, _A‴ A″″_, _A′ A″ A^v_,... _B_, and so on. Each
of these may meet a similar or a dissimilar gamete in fertilisation,
forming either a homozygote, or a heterozygote with its distinct
properties.
In the case of compound allelomorphs we know as yet nothing of the
statistical relations of the several gametes.
Thus we have the conception
(5) _of a Compound character_, borne by one gamete, transmitted
entire as a single character so long as fertilisation only occurs
between like gametes, or is, in other words, “symmetrical,” but if
fertilisation take place with a dissimilar gamete (or possibly by
other causes), resolved into integral constituent characters, each
separately transmissible.
Next, as, by the union of the gametes bearing the various
hypallelomorphs with other such gametes, or with gametes bearing
simple allelomorphs, in fertilisation, a number of new zygotes will
be formed, such as may not have been seen before in the breed: these
will inevitably be spoken of as _varieties_; and it is difficult not to
extend the idea of variation to them. To distinguish these from other
variations--which there must surely be--we may call them
(6) _Analytical_ variations in contradistinction to
(7) _Synthetical_ variations, occurring not by the separation of
pre-existing constituent-characters but by the addition of new
characters.
Lastly, it is impossible to be presented with the fact that in
Mendelian cases the cross-bred produces on an average _equal_ numbers
of gametes of each kind, that is to say, a symmetrical result, without
suspecting that this fact must correspond with some symmetrical figure
of distribution of those gametes in the cell-divisions by which they
are produced.
* * * * *
At the present time these are the main conceptions--though by no means
all--arising directly from Mendel’s work. The first six are all more
or less clearly embodied by him, though not in every case developed
in accordance with modern knowledge. The seventh is not a Mendelian
conception, but the facts before us justify its inclusion in the above
list though for the present it is little more than a mere surmise.
* * * * *
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