Mental diseases: a public health problemMay, James Vance
Science
Mental diseases: a public health problem
May, James Vance
Mental health services; Psychology, Pathological
The type of cases received at an institution exclusively for insane
convicts is naturally quite different, as shown by the admissions to
the Dannemora State Hospital in New York. Of 185 admissions covering a
period of three years the principal psychoses represented were dementia
praecox, forty-one per cent, constitutional psychopathic inferiority,
nineteen per cent, manic-depressive psychoses, eight, mental
deficiency, nine, alcoholic psychoses, five, paranoid conditions, four
per cent, etc.
Experience has shown that the defective criminal classes are not
suitable cases for either penal institutions or hospitals for the
insane. They are unable to adapt themselves to prison discipline
or hospital routine and prefer to associate only with persons of
their own kind who are given to foolish boasting of their crimes as
their least harmful diversion. They are entirely unappreciative of
any efforts made on their behalf to improve their condition or fit
them in any way for the requirements of society. They are strongly
inclined to unprovoked cruelty to others. Often they manifest an
apparent interest in religious services, thinking it may lead to
some preferment, but not for any moral reason. They are notoriously
untruthful, unreliable and exhibit a low cunning which often deceives
those not familiar with handling individuals of that type. Curiously
enough they are exceedingly critical of others and quick to notice
their shortcomings. Sexual perversions and immoral conduct are only
too common. Prostitution, as has already been shown, is one of the
most common failings of the female delinquent. An interesting but
superficial knowledge of legal matters is noted very frequently and
paraded with a remarkable degree of egotism which is difficult to
understand. It is comparatively an infrequent occurrence for a prisoner
to admit that he is guilty of the crime of which he has already been
convicted by a court. Only a few years since, a prisoner at Sing
Sing wrote the Governor of New York suggesting that his release was
indicated as a moral procedure for the good of the institution, as
he was convinced from information obtained from others that he was
the only guilty man in the establishment. The habitual criminal takes
little, if any, interest in his own relatives or family except when
he is in confinement, and feels no home ties. There is a curious lack
of appreciation for the gravity of his own offense and he always
complains of a "frame up" and asserts that he has not had a square
deal. Homicides even are always explained in an attempt to show that
they were justifiable or unavoidable. The most vicious of assaults
are often committed on their fellow prisoners without any provocation
of consequence. Experience shows that as a rule they are incapable of
any sustained effort and accomplish little or nothing when left to
themselves. Tendencies to crime show not only a marked suggestibility
but a degree of impulsiveness and a lack of self control which is
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