The first study of psychoses due to cocaine was made by Erlenmeyer[231] in 1886. As he afterwards modestly observed, "This first report on cocomania, which was founded on thirteen cases, completely exhausted the subject, and nothing essential has been added to the symptomatology then published." He found that it was almost always combined with the morphine habit. This was probably due to the fact that cocaine, at one time, was used extensively in the treatment of morphinism. Although the assimilation of food is not affected and gastritis was not a symptom, Erlenmeyer usually found a great decrease in bodily weight, as much as twenty to thirty per cent in some cases within a few weeks. Sleep is much disturbed and insomnia the rule. The most common form of mental disturbance he found to consist of attacks of violent excitement accompanied by delusions of persecution. Dangerous, impulsive assaults may occur. Very often, however, there were transitory confusional states with hallucinations of hearing and vision, succeeded by a mental deterioration and loss of memory. Visual hallucinations usually appear early. A common and peculiar symptom is the appearance of dark spots and points on a white background, attributed by Erlenmeyer to multiple scotomata. Auditory hallucinations he also found to be frequent. Sensory deceptions give rise to peculiar ideas such as the presence of the "cocaine bug" which the patient often tries to catch. Volubility is another characteristic feature of the disease which he refers to. As abstinence symptoms he describes forms of depression, with weakness of will power. Barker refers to psychoses of an acute hallucinatory confusional type as a result of cocainism. Krafft-Ebing speaks of episodic toxic deliria with visual and auditory hallucinations resembling those of alcohol and accompanied by delusions of persecution or jealousy with visions of multitudes of small animals, etc. He has not observed delirious conditions due to abstinence.