Mental diseases: a public health problemMay, James Vance
Science
Mental diseases: a public health problem
May, James Vance
Mental health services; Psychology, Pathological
The administration of the earlier hospitals for mental diseases
was placed very wisely in the hands of local boards of directors,
managers or trustees. These were made up of persons prominent in the
community in which they lived, well known as having a keen interest
in humanitarian movements, and fully deserving of the confidence
reposed in them by the public. They received no compensation other
than the satisfaction of having served in a worthy cause. The state
hospital at Williamsburg, Virginia, the first of its kind in America,
was controlled by a court of directors which was made up of some of
the most prominent Virginians of colonial days. It included Thomas
Nelson, Jr., a signer of the Declaration of Independence who served
with distinction in the Revolutionary War, Peyton Randolph, the
President of the first Continental Congress, and George Wythe, the
preceptor in law of both Marshall and Jefferson, as well as a signer
of the Declaration of Independence and professor of law at William
and Mary College, together with various other distinguished citizens,
some perhaps of less prominence, but all men of the highest standing
in Virginia. The first "court" consisted of fifteen members. The
second state institution, the Maryland Hospital, under the management
of the city of Baltimore for some years, was eventually placed under
the control of a board of visitors in 1828. Kentucky's first hospital
was from the beginning in the charge of a board of ten commissioners.
When the second Virginia institution was opened at Staunton, the
form of organization adopted at Williamsburg was duplicated and a
court of directors appointed. There were, however, thirteen instead of
fifteen members. The state hospital at Columbia, South Carolina, was
originally, and still is, under a board of regents. The Massachusetts
hospitals, dating from the opening of Worcester in 1833, have always
had trustees. The Vermont Asylum, later the Brattleboro Retreat, was
also managed by a board of trustees, as was the New Hampshire State
Hospital at Concord. The Georgia State Sanitarium, opened in the same
year, adopted a similar form of control. The Utica State Hospital has
been conducted from the first by a board of managers, a term which is
generally used by the New York institutions. When the Trenton State
Hospital was founded it was placed under a board of ten managers,
more or less along the lines followed at Utica. The State Hospital at
Raleigh, North Carolina, had a board of directors. For many years the
earlier institutions for mental diseases were under no other form of
control, the powers of the trustees being absolute. This is still the
case in a few states. Usually, however, there is some additional form
of supervision.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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