Little progress was made, if any, by the time of the Christian era. In fact, as Clouston[58] says, "The mental pathology of the New Testament and of the early ages of Christianity was founded on the idea that the disease was a possession of the devil, and the feeling towards this afflicted class of human beings was naturally that of repulsion and hatred, their treatment following on those lines. Neglect, the whip, chains, confinement in stone cells, starvation, unsuitable medical treatment, speedy death were the natural results." Passing to the seventeenth century we find that Sennert, a professor in Wittenberg, believed that maniacs evacuated stones, iron, living animals, etc., things not produced in the natural body and therefore caused by demons. He also believed firmly in witchcraft. Thomas Willis (1682) is said by some to have been one of the first to suggest a relation between insanity and pathological changes in the brain. Prochaska in 1784 went so far as to say, "We think, with Haller, that no light can be thrown upon it in any other way than by a careful dissection of the brains of fatuous persons, apoplectics, and such as have other disorders of the understanding." It would appear to have been the belief of Pinel that the primary seat of disease in mental conditions was in the stomach and intestinal tract. Spreading from these centers it caused a derangement of the mind when the brain became involved. The influence of the moon, as well as the stars, was spoken of by Hippocrates and admitted by Galen. To these ideas we owe the word lunacy which appeared in the laws of England in 1320 and may be found there today.