Mental Evolution in Man: Origin of Human FacultyRomanes, George John
Science
Mental Evolution in Man: Origin of Human Faculty
Romanes, George John
Evolution; Psychology, Comparative
Given, then, this stage of mental evolution, and what follows? The
child, like the animal, is supplied by its logic of recepts with a
world of images, standing as signs of outward objects; with an ejective
knowledge of other minds, and with that kind of recognition of self
as an active, suffering, and accountable agent to which allusion
has just been made. But, over and above the animal, the child has
now at its command a much more improved machinery of sign-making,
which, as we have before seen, is due to the higher evolution of its
receptual ideation. Now among the contents of this ideation is a better
apprehension of the mental states of other human beings, together with
a greatly increased power of denotative utterance, whereby the child is
able to name receptually such ejective states as it thus receptually
apprehends. These, therefore, severally receive their appropriate
denotations, and so gain clearness and precision as ejective images
of the corresponding states experienced by the child itself. “Mamma
pleased to Dodo” would have no meaning as spoken by a child, unless
the child knew from his own feelings what is the state of mind which
he thus ejectively attributes to his mother. Hence, we find that at
the same age the child will also say “Dodo pleased to mamma.” Now it
is evident that we are here approaching the very borders of true or
conceptual self-consciousness. The child, no doubt, is still speaking
of himself in objective phraseology; but he has advanced so far in the
interpretation of his own states of mind as clearly to name them, in
the same way as he would name any external objects of sense-perception.
Thus is he enabled to fix these states before his mental vision as
things which admit of being denoted by verbal signs, although as yet
he has never thought about either the states of mind or his names for
them _as such_, and, therefore, has not yet attained to the faculty
of denomination. But the interval between denotation and denomination
has now become so narrow that the step from recognizing “Dodo” as not
only the object, but also the subject of mental changes, is rendered at
once easy and inevitable. The mere fact of attaching verbal signs to
mental states has the effect of focussing attention upon those states;
and when attention is thus focussed habitually, there is supplied the
only further condition which is required to enable a mind, through its
memory of previous states, to compare its past with its present, and so
to reach that apprehension of continuity among its own states wherein
the full introspective, or conceptual consciousness of self consists.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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