To any one who already accepts the general theory of evolution as applied to the human mind, it may well appear that the present instalment of my work is needlessly elaborate. Now, I can quite sympathize with any evolutionist who may thus feel that I have brought steam-engines to break butterflies; but I must ask such a man to remember two things. First, that plain and obvious as the truth may seem to him, it is nevertheless a truth that is very far from having received general recognition, even among more intelligent members of the community: seeing, therefore, of how much importance it is to establish this truth as an integral part of the doctrine of descent, I cannot think that either time or energy is wasted in a serious endeavour to do so, even though to minds already persuaded it may seem unnecessary to have slain our opponents in a manner quite so mercilessly minute. Secondly, I must ask these friendly critics to take note that, although the discussion has everywhere been thrown into the form of an answer to objections, it really has a much wider scope: it aims not only at an overthrow of adversaries, but also, and even more, at an exposition of the principles which have probably been concerned in the “Origin of Human Faculty.” The Diagram which is reproduced from my previous work on “Mental Evolution in Animals,” and which serves to represent the leading features of psychogenesis throughout the animal kingdom, will reappear also in succeeding instalments of the work, when it will be continued so as to represent the principal stages of “Mental Evolution in Man.” 18, CORNWALL TERRACE, REGENT’S PARK, _July, 1888_. CONTENTS. CHAPTER PAGE I. MAN AND BRUTE 1 II. IDEAS 20 III. LOGIC OF RECEPTS 40 IV. LOGIC OF CONCEPTS 70 V. LANGUAGE 85 VI. TONE AND GESTURE 104 VII. ARTICULATION 121 VIII. RELATION OF TONE AND GESTURE TO WORDS 145 IX. SPEECH 163 X. SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS 194 XI. THE TRANSITION IN THE INDIVIDUAL 213 XII. COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY 238 XIII. ROOTS OF LANGUAGE 264 XIV. THE WITNESS OF PHILOLOGY 294 XV. THE WITNESS OF PHILOLOGY—_continued_ 326 XVI. THE TRANSITION IN THE RACE 360 XVII. GENERAL SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REMARKS 390 MENTAL EVOLUTION IN MAN. CHAPTER I. MAN AND BRUTE.