Meta toluene sulphonic acid and related compoundsAllen, C. F. H. (Charles Francis Hitchcock)
Science
Meta toluene sulphonic acid and related compounds
Allen, C. F. H. (Charles Francis Hitchcock)
Organic compounds -- Synthesis; Sulfonic acids
I followed Metcalf’s directions as follows: in an apparatus fitted with
an automatic stirrer and a thermometer I placed 200 grams (110cc.) of
twenty per cent fuming sulphuric acid. I then slowly added with rapid
stirring 100grams of powdered para toluidine which was obtained from
the Newport Chemical Works. The addition took thirteen minutes. The
initial temperature of the solution was 18°C. The maximum was obtained
when about half the toluidine had been added and was 148°C. The final
temperature was 130°C. After addition was complete I stirred for five
minutes, and then slowly heated the mixture to 180°C. and kept it
there for an hour. Sulphonation was then complete. I then poured it
into an equal volume of cold water (220cc.) in an evaporating dish and
allowed it to stand over night. The next day the dish seemed filled
with grayish crystals; these were filtered off. The solution was
allowed to stand for four weeks with no results. (Metcalf says that the
disulphonic acid separated in three weeks from his solution.)
I dissolved the crude acid obtained as above in ten liters of water
(Metcalf’s directions) and precipitated the excess of sulphuric acid
with barium hydroxide, and then filtered the solution. It was a clear
brownish color. I then evaporated to 100cc. A smell of para toluidine
was always present in the vapor indicating a probable hydrolysis of the
acid. (Nevile and Winther (loc. cit.) say that this sulphonic acid can
be hydrolyzed by heating with water), A test after sulphonation and
before evaporation showed a sample to be completely soluble in water,
and no cloudiness was produced when a sample was dissolved in sodium
hydroxide, as is the case if a solution of para toluidine sulphate is
dissolved in the same reagent. When the volume had reached 100cc. a
light brown crust had formed on top of the liquid and on cooling and
filtering two products were obtained; a light brown powdery substance
in larger amount (47.5 grams.), and a small amount of hard square brown
crystals. On evaporating the filtrate nearly to dryness more material
separated which did not look like either of the above substances; it
weighed twenty grams. This has not been investigated as yet.
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