Metapsychical Phenomena: Methods and ObservationsMaxwell, J. (Joseph)
Philosophy
Metapsychical Phenomena: Methods and Observations
Maxwell, J. (Joseph)
Parapsychology -- Investigation
3. Movements of objects without sufficient contact to explain the
movement produced. There is here a distinction to be made between (_a_)
movements produced without any contact whatever—_telekinesis_: _e.g._
the rising or sliding of a table or chair, the swaying of scales, etc.,
without their being touched; and (_b_) movements with contact, which is
insufficient to explain them—_parakinesis_: _e.g._ the levitation of a
table on which the experimenters lay their hands.
4. _Apports_: that is to say, the sudden appearance of objects—flowers,
sweets, stones, etc.—which have not been brought by any of the
assistants. This phenomenon—if it exists—supposes, in addition, the
following:—
5. Penetrability, or the passage of matter through matter.
6. Visual phenomena, which are themselves subdivided into:—
(_a_) Vision of the odic effluvium.
(_b_) Amorphous lights.
(_c_) Forms, either luminous or non-luminous.
(_d_) Lastly, the most complete phenomenon of all—the
materialisation of a form, human or otherwise, luminous or
not.
7. Phenomena which leave permanent traces, such as imprints.
8. Alteration in the weight of material objects or of certain people:
levitation.
9. Perceptible changes in the temperature: sensation of cold or heat;
spontaneous combustion.
10. Cool breezes.
Such are the chief psychical phenomena of the material order, which
have been pointed out by different experimenters. I have not verified
all of them: raps, telekinetic, and a few luminous phenomena are all I
have obtained in a thoroughly satisfactory manner.
Intellectual phenomena are those which imply the expression of a
thought. I will class them in the following manner:—
1. Typtology: the table, upon which the experimenters lay their hands,
leans to one side and recovers equilibrium by striking the ground.
2. Grammatology or spelt-out sentences. Various methods may be used.
The principal are:—
(_a_) Repeating the alphabet until a rap indicates the letter to be
retained;
(_b_) Pointing out the letters of the alphabet by means of a pencil
or stiletto, etc., until a rap indicates where to stop;
(_c_) Finally, the designation of the required letters by an
index-hand on a pivot fixed in the middle of a circle
composed of the alphabet, the index-hand moving with or
without contact.
3. Automatic writing: _immediate_, when the subject writes without the
intermedium of an instrument; _mediate_, when he uses an instrument,
such as a planchette, a wooden ball with handles fastened to it, a
basket, a hat, a stand, etc. In this case, several people can combine
their action by laying their hands all together upon the object to
which the pencil is attached.
4. Direct writing: _i.e._ writing which appears on slates, paper, etc.,
whether in or out of sight of the experimenters. If the letters seem to
be formed without the aid of a pencil we have _precipitated writing_.
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