Meteoric astronomy: A treatise on shooting-stars, fire-balls, and aerolitesKirkwood, Daniel
Science
Meteoric astronomy: A treatise on shooting-stars, fire-balls, and aerolites
Kirkwood, Daniel
Meteors
On the evening of August 10th, 1861, at about 11h. 30m., a meteor
was seen by Mr. E. C. Herrick and Prof. A. C. Twining, at New
Haven, Connecticut, which "was much more splendid than Venus, and
left a train of sparks which remained luminous for twenty seconds
after the meteor disappeared." The same meteor was also accurately
observed at Burlington, New Jersey, by Mr. Benjamin V. Marsh. It was
"conformable,"--that is, its track produced backward passed through the
common radiant--and it was undoubtedly a member of the August group.
The observations were discussed by Professor H. A. Newton, of Yale
College, who deduced from them the following approximate elements of
the ring:[8]
Semi-axis major 0·84
Eccentricity 0·28
Perihelion distance 0·60
Inclination 84°
Period 281 days.
Motion, retrograde.
The earth moving at the rate of 68,000 miles per hour, is at least five
days in passing entirely through the ring. This gives a thickness of
more than 8,000,000 miles.
The result of Professor Newton's researches on the orbit of this ring,
though undertaken with inadequate data, and hence, in some respects,
probably far from correct, is nevertheless highly interesting as being
the first attempt to determine the orbit of shooting-stars. More recent
investigations have shown a remarkable resemblance between the elements
of these meteors and those of the third comet of 1862. The former, by
Schiaparelli, and the latter, by Oppolzer, are as follows:
Meteors of August 10th. Comet III., 1862.
Longitude of perihelion 343° 38´ 344° 41
Ascending node 138 16 137 27
Inclination 63 3 66 25
Perihelion distance 0·9643 0·9626
Period 105 years(?). 123 years(?).
Motion Retrograde. Retrograde.
This similarity is too great to be accidental. _The August meteors and
the third comet of 1862 probably belong to the same ring._
III. The Meteors of April 18th-26th.
The following dates of the April meteoric showers are extracted from
Quetelet's table previously referred to:
1 A.D. 401, April 9th.
2 538, " 7th.
3 839, " 17th.
4 927, " 17th.
5 934, " 18th.
6 1009, " 16th.
7 1094, " 10th.
8 1096, " 10th.
9 1122, " 11th.
10 1123, " 11th.
11 1803, " 20th.
12 1838, " 20th.
13 1841, " 19th.
14 1850, " 11th-17th.
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