Mexican archæology : $b an introduction to the archæology of the Mexican and Mayan civilizations of pre-Spanish AmericaJoyce, Thomas Athol
History
Mexican archæology : $b an introduction to the archæology of the Mexican and Mayan civilizations of pre-Spanish America
Joyce, Thomas Athol
Mayas -- Antiquities; Mexico -- Antiquities
Practically the whole of the population of this area, with the
exception of an enclave of Nahua-speakers in southern Guatemala, spoke
dialects of the language known as Maya in the broadest sense, to which
the tongues of the Huaxtec and Totonac also belonged. The distribution
of the various tribes is best seen from the accompanying map, after
Thomas (Fig. 45), but it is hardly necessary to discuss them in detail,
since their present positions cannot be taken necessarily as affording
any indication of their positions in pre-Spanish times, and from only
a very few have legends been collected which shed any light upon their
former history. The dialect spoken in Yucatan is known as Maya in the
narrower sense, and seems to bear a nearer relation to that which
prevailed among the nations of the older culture, since the Yucatec at
the conquest were using a script which corresponded closely with that
found upon the monuments. Their dialect extends to the Rio de la Pasion
and the western and southern Usumacinta, where it is spoken by the
so-called Lacandons who have preserved certain of the ancient customs
and beliefs. The Lacandons to the west speak the Chol dialect, though
there are indications that both divisions of this people originally
spoke Maya, that is to say the dialect of Yucatan. Besides the Yucatec,
practically the only tribes of historical importance are grouped around
lake Atitlan; the Quiché occupying the largest area to the north, south
and west of the lake, extending from the Pacific to central Guatemala,
the Kakchiquel to the west and south of the lake, also extending to
the Pacific, and the Tzutuhil wedged in between them on the southern
shore of Atitlan. South-east of the Kakchiquel are the Pipil, a
Nahua-speaking tribe, and Nahua dialects are found in San Salvador
and even further to the south-east, as far as Nicaragua and Panama,
pointing to a stream of Nahua migration by an overland route. The Pipil
themselves preserved a tradition that they had reached their present
abode from Tuxtla. The Maya language as a whole exhibits certain points
of similarity to that of the Mixtec and Zapotec, but its structure is
more akin to that spoken on the islands of the Mexican Gulf and the
northern coast of South America. A tradition existed in Yucatan that
an early section of the inhabitants had come from the east, and the
Maya of this neighbourhood were certainly good seamen, since large
canoes with sails were met by the expedition of Columbus, so it is at
least possible that a section of the early population were immigrants
from the Antilles. But at present too little is known of the languages
of Central America to admit of the formulation of definite theories
based upon linguistic arguments, which constitute a class of evidence
requiring extreme caution on the part of those who would make use of it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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