Mexican archæology : $b an introduction to the archæology of the Mexican and Mayan civilizations of pre-Spanish AmericaJoyce, Thomas Athol
History
Mexican archæology : $b an introduction to the archæology of the Mexican and Mayan civilizations of pre-Spanish America
Joyce, Thomas Athol
Mayas -- Antiquities; Mexico -- Antiquities
The history of the Quiché exhibits some connection with that of the
Kakchiquel, and further displays certain points of resemblance with the
early legends of the Mexicans. Though both the Quiché and Kakchiquel
accounts give lists of kings who ruled over their respective tribes,
yet they furnish no dates, and the lengths of the various reigns can
only be conjectured. Quiché history, like the Mexican, begins in myth,
with the final or historical creation. The creating-gods fashioned four
men out of maize, Balam-Quitzé, Balam-Agab, Mahucutah and Iqi-Balam. Of
these the first three were the ancestors of the three Quiché divisions,
the Cavek, Nihaib and Ahau-Quiché respectively. The fourth had no
descendants, and therefore no place in the later history. We are told
that besides these four individuals, the “Yaqui” or “sacrificers”
(a name given in later times to the Mexicans) existed in numbers,
and further the ancestors of various other tribes to the east (of
the original Quiché home) were created, including the Tepeuh Oloman
(probably the Olmec), the Tamub and Ilocab (the early inhabitants of
the country later occupied by the Quiché), the seven tribes of Tecpan
(perhaps the Pokomam and Pokonchi), the Kakchiquel, the Rabinal
(later at Zamaneb), the Tziquinaha (of Atitlan), and others. The four
Quiché ancestors however were too perfect to please the gods, being
omniscient, so the latter dimmed their intellects, but, as some sort of
compensation, provided them with wives. The sun as yet was not created,
all the world was dark, and mankind had no knowledge of ritual. So they
set out for Tulan Zuiva, where each tribe received its god under whose
leadership it commenced its migration. Before the general separation
however the need of fire was felt, and the Quiché god, Tohil, who
was a thunder-god, provided his votaries with a constant supply, by
striking it from his sandal. The other tribes begged fire from the
Quiché, but they, on the advice of a messenger in bat-form from the
underworld, Xibalba, demanded in return that the recipients should
consent to be united with their god “beneath their girdles and beneath
their armpits.” This dark saying implied the gift of their hearts in
sacrifice, and the other tribes, failing to understand the true import,
fell into the trap, with the exception of the Kakchiquel, whose bat-god
stole fire from the smoke without agreeing to the terms. The migrations
then took place, many of the tribes going eastward, while the Quiché,
together with the Kakchiquel, Tamub, Ilocab, Rabinal and Tziquinaha,
travelled to Guatemala, where on a mountain they assumed their tribal
names and “awaited the dawn, looking for the morning star.” The phrase
recalls very distinctly the Mexican legend related on p. 10. Finally
the morning star made its appearance, followed by the sun, to which
incense brought from Tulan was offered, but the tribal gods, who had
meanwhile expressed the wish to be secluded in sanctuaries apart
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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